**5. Applications of pectinase**

Over the years, pectinases have been used in several applications as plant fiber processing, textile, coffee, and tea fermentation, industrial wastewater treatment, oil extraction, wine-making, wood preservation, pectic pre-treatment, degumming and retting of fibers, protoplast formation [78], and fruit industry [79]. With increased knowledge and understanding of the mechanism of pectin-degrading enzymes, pectinases have made their way into other biotechnological processes as purification of plant viruses [80] and paper and pulp making [81]. Today, pectinases represent almost 5% of global enzyme sales with approaches 35 million dollars of the industrial market [82].

The biotechnology application for these enzymes has expanded in recent years. These occurred especially in food and related industries, to increase the product quality, product stabilization, increase the efficiency of extractive processing, improve the flavor and by-product utilization [83], **Figure 3**.

#### **Figure 3.**

*Applications of pectinases in the various biotechnological and industrial sectors with the potential purpose [inspired by Garg et al., 2016 [84]].*

#### **5.1 Juice processing**

Pectinases use in the fruit juice and wine industry since the 1930s [85]. That occurred for reduction maceration and viscosity which contribute to increasing the obtained press juice to the de-peel pulps. Similarly, reducing the viscosity of fruit drinks [86]. Fogarty and Kelly stated that pectinases use in wine clarification [87]. The juice industries produced commercially three different types of juices:


3.unicellular product.

So, the objective aim of using pectinase in the three types is different, **Table 2**.
