Meet the editors

Sajal Ray received an MSc in Zoology and MPhil in Environmental Science from Calcutta University, India, and a Ph.D. from Jadavpur University, India. His thesis reported the immunotoxicity of pesticides in an economically important snail of India. As a recipient of the Fogarty Visiting Fellowship, Dr. Ray carried out his postdoctoral research in cardiac pathology at the National Institutes of Health, USA. His research interest is studying the

immunological responses of molluscs, sponges, crabs, and earthworms exposed to pollutants. His team is engaged in understanding the evolutionary mechanism of immunity in phylogeny. He has presented his research at various conferences including the World Congress of Malacology, Washington DC. Dr. Ray is currently a Professor of Zoology at Calcutta University.

Soumalya Mukherjee obtained an MSc degree in Zoology from West Bengal State University, India. He was selected for the DST INSPIRE Fellowship from the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Calcutta, India. Dr. Mukherjee has published several research articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals and books of international repute. He has presented his research findings at

various international and national conferences and symposia. He has been actively engaged in research of immunotoxicological effects of environmental pollutants on terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates. He was previously an assistant professor of Zoology, the Directorate of Open and Distance Learning, University of Kalyani, India. Dr. Mukherjee is currently Assistant Professor of Zoology, Brahmananda Keshab Chandra College, West Bengal State University, India.

Contents

*by Latife Ceyda Irkin*

in the Pond Snail

Snail

*by M.P. Charó*

*by Wolyu Korma Erkano*

**Preface XI**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 13**

**Chapter 3 29**

**Chapter 4 39**

**Chapter 5 53**

**Chapter 6 75**

Quaternary Marine Mollusk Associations of the Last Interglacials in North

The Effects of Shellfish Consumption Frequency for Human Health

Green Tea-Derived Catechins Have Beneficial Effects on Cognition

Seasonal Variations of Densities of *Biomphalaria pfeifferi*, the Intermediate

Impacts of Environmental Parameters on the Infectivity of Freshwater

*by Yoshimasa Komatsuzaki, Ayaka Itoh and Minoru Saito*

Host of *Schistosoma mansoni* Parasite at the North of Senegal *by Sidy Bakhoum, Christopher J.E. Haggerty, Cheikh Tidiane Ba,* 

*Nicolas Jouanard, Gilles Riveau and Jason Robert Rohr*

Recent Trends in Freshwater Pearl Farming in India *by Shailesh Saurabh, Sweta Pradhan and Sonal Suman*

Patagonia (Argentina): Paleoecology and Paleoclimates
