**6. Conclusion**

Our results show that vanadium pentoxide, when inhaled, produces important synaptic alterations, manifested in this case, by the significant loss of dendritic spines of CA1 pyramidal neurons and by the presence of Alzheimer-type fibrillar tangles, an aspect considered to be the main neuropathological feature in AD [107], related to the evident alterations of the cytoskeleton. Therefore, more research is needed to establish the relationship between V2O5 and Tau hyperphosphorylation, not only in the hippocampus but also in the amygdala, neocortex, and entorhinal, structures involved in AD [108, 109], and whether spatial memory is altered.

Moreover, these data must encourage research efforts towards environmental health effects, with the final purpose of intervening in decrease metals atmospheric pollution such as V. We have to promote viable schemes to safeguard the CNS from toxicants, which have redoubled in the atmosphere during the last decades and represent an important health challenge since metal pollution has been related to neurodegenerative diseases.

*Alzheimer-Like Cell Alterations after Vanadium Pentoxide Inhalation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100468*
