**4. Conclusion**

In our study, neuronal progenitors, mature glutamatergic neurons, and astrocytes were derived from hPSC which were used for testing AgNPs toxicity. The results indicated that citrate-coated AgSCs significantly affected neuronal progenitor proliferation, gliagenesis, neuronal neuritis outgrowth, and cell viability due to up-graduated Metallothionein (1F, 1E, 2A) gene expression and increased ROS production. AgSPs had similar effects but only exhibited the toxicities at higher concentration exposure. In this context, the proper coating can prevent or limit the neurotoxicity associated with the AgNPs exposure. Our study indicates that stem cell-derived neuronal differentiation is an excellent cellular platform for investigating the impact of AgNPs on neuronal development and neurodegeneration and identifying biomarkers for risky assessment. In addition, this cellular model could also be used for different types of nanoparticles such as carbon-based nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, semiconductor nanoparticles, and lipid-based nanoparticles neuronal toxicity assessment in the future**.**
