**3.1 Vibriosis in shrimp**

Members of the microorganism genus *Vibrio* have become a major constraint on production and trading in shrimp industry. *Vibrio* is responsible for several diseases and causing mortalities up to 100 percent and global losses of around 4.5 billion USD. *Vibrio spp.* is a natural micro flora of wild and cultured shrimps, and become opportunistic pathogens when natural defense mechanisms are suppressed. In intensive

**Figure 2.** *Vibriosis in shrimp 1.*

systems, crustaceans especially shrimps are often exposed to stressful conditions due to the high stocking density, leading to vibriosis [7]. *Vibrio* usually associated with etiological agents, however some vibrio species have been identified as primary pathogen. Several species of *vibrio* including *V. parahaemolyticus* and *V. harveyi* have been described as the main pathogenic species in shrimps (**Figure 2**) [8].
