*3.4.4 Disease control*

The disease control programmers in aquaculture must include examination of diseases and mortalities in a holistic manner and consider various factors such as stocking densities, environment (turbidity, temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, H2S,NH3,NO2, etc. of water and redox potential of soil), rate of water exchange, presence of toxic bottom dwelling algae, the type of feed and its FCR ratio by the shrimps, phytoplankton bloom, physiological status of shrimps, etc. [13]. Most of the disease control methods are based on preventive measures. They are,


Diseases can be prevented by adapting better animal handling practices and providing adequate amount of nutrient rich feed [14]. Vibriosis is controlled by rigorous water management through ROS systems and sanitation to prevent the entry of vibrio in the culture water and to reduce stress on the shrimps. Good site selection, pond design and pond preparation are also important. An increase in daily water exchanges and a reduction in pond biomass by partial harvesting are recommended to reduce mortalities caused by Vibriosis. Draining, drying and administering lime/dolomite to ponds following harvest is also recommended [15].
