*Rehabilitation Protocols for Children with Dysfunctional Voiding DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98573*

same family [12]. It is not known whether this is due to genetic factors or common family habits.

Most authors, however, believe that DV is a learned behavior [13]. It can develop from overactive bladder (OAB) and voiding postponement as a result of PFM contractions in an attempt to prevent urination, but it can also exist without these precursors. In some children, urgency, voiding frequency and, in some instances, urinary incontinence and signs of DV are present at the same time [14].

From the review of the literature so far, it can be concluded that the etiology is probably multifactorial. Possible risk factors are:

1.Inadequate toilet training process

Wiener et al. suggest that functional voiding disorders may be caused by inadequate toilet habits and postures [15], which was also confirmed in the study by Bakker et al. [16]. This study indicated that the use of adult toilets in the process of children's toilet training may increase the risk of developing functional voiding disorders. Thus, most of the programmes used in the treatment of DV involve taking an adequate position when urinating, i.e. the use of a toilet insert and footrests to ensure the stability of the trunk and the relaxation of the PFMs, and thus enable the physiological emptying of the bladder.

