**3.6 Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)**

Voiding cystourethrography is not routinely performed in children with DV. It is used in children with recurrent urinary tract infections to rule out the presence of VUR. A typical finding in DV is a ballooned proximal urethra. If ultrasound examination reveals bladder wall thickening and hydronephrosis and/or a plateau uroflowmetry curve, it is necessary to perform VCUG to exclude the presence of a posterior urethral valve in boys.

### **3.7 Magnetic resonance imaging**

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine should be performed in every child with a suspected neurogenic voiding disorder or in whom a clinical examination has established the existence of spinal dysraphism. Suspicion of tethered cord syndrome, as well as spinal tumors, are also indications for referring a child for an MRI of the spine.
