**2. Functional anatomy of the pelvic floor muscles**

The bottom of the pelvis has a three-layer structure from the upper part to the visceral pelvic diaphragm, the pelvic diaphragm, and the urogenital diaphragm. The target approach to the pelvic floor muscles is the muscles in the second layer of the pelvic diaphragm. The pelvic diaphragm mainly consists of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles. The levator ani muscle consists of medial and lateral muscles, and the medial pubococcygeus is inside the levator ani tendon arch, originating from the pelvic fascial tendon arch, supporting the outside of the vagina and rectum, and attaches to the anterior sacrococcygeal ligament. The lateral iliococccygeus muscle begins at the levator ani tendon arch and attaches to the tip and lateral edge of the coccyx. The levator ani and coccygeus muscles form the pelvic diaphragm and close the pelvic outlet. The left and right levator ani muscles do not intersect in the center and form a fissure that penetrates the urethra, vagina, and rectum. On the other hand, the coccygeus muscle covers the inner surface of the ischial spine to the inner surface of the sacral ligament and attaches to the lower part of the sacrum and the outer edge of the coccyx.

## **3. Motor function of the pelvic floor muscles**

The pelvic floor muscles support the organs and are active at rest. Therefore, the pelvic floor muscle group is composed of slow muscle fibers that act as posture maintenance at a high rate. Furthermore, the pelvic floor muscles do not work alone, and when the pelvic floor muscles are contracted, the abdominal muscles contract, and conversely, when the abdominal muscles are contracted, the pelvic

floor muscles are also activated. When the abdominal pressure rises, the pelvic floor muscles and abdominal muscles move inward. However, in cases of dysfunction of the pelvic floor muscle group such as urinary incontinence, the pelvic floor muscle group and the abdominal muscle move outward [2].
