*3.1.1 Definition of post-stroke urinary incontinence*

Post-stroke Urinary Incontinence (UI) is an involuntary (unconscious) leakage of urine, which can occur immediately after a stroke or later [1]. UI is a condition that affects the physical and psychological aspects of life with consequences that affect the quality of life [9]. UI has been shown to disrupt patients and negatively affect many aspects of life, including sleep quality, emotional well-being and depression, social relationships, work productivity, and overall health-related quality of life. The symptoms of urinary disorders can affect daily routines, causing limitations in physical, social, occupational, domestic, and sexual activities. Poststroke UI interferes with the patient's activities of daily living and social activities so that it can lead to a reduced desire to participate in the treatment program [10]. Social and hygienic discomfort caused by the fear of passing urine and the smell of urine, can affect the quality of life. UI patients were burdened with anxiety, feelings of shame, and they live in fear that others will discover their condition. Major depression has been shown to add to a cycle of low self-esteem, increased social withdrawal, and ultimately decreased quality of life [11].
