**2. Current scenario**

Gallstone disease is a substantial health problem in developed countries, according to existing literature. Gallstones are believed to affect 10–15% of the general population, with considerable variations across nations. Gallstone-related problems affect between 20 and 40% of individuals with gallstones, with an annual incidence of 1–3%; acute calculus cholecystitis (ACC) is the first clinical manifestation in 10–15% of cases [4].
