**10. RA options for knee surgeries**

The regional anesthesia or analgesia techniques for knee surgeries have been evolving to improve procedural outcomes, reduce complications and improve patient satisfaction [32]. With the introduction of ultrasound into the RA practice,

## *Regional Analgesia for Knee Surgeries: Thinking beyond Borders DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99282*

the perioperative analgesic strategies for knee surgeries have undergone a conceptual revolution in the last decade.

Apart from providing optimal analgesia and intraoperative clear surgical field, RA also helps in the reduction of major postoperative complications like deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, requirements of blood transfusion, pneumonia, and respiratory depression [33, 34]. RA options available for knee surgeries from center-to-periphery include (**Figure 7**).

#### **Figure 7.**

*Regional analgesia options from 'Centre-to-periphery' for knee surgery.*

*(SA: Spinal analgesia, EA: Epidural analgesia, CSEA: Combined spinal-epidual analgesia, LPB: Lumbar plexus block, SPB: Sacral plexus block, FNB: Fenoral nerve block, ONB: Obturator nerve block, SCNB: Sciatic nerve block, FTB: Femoral triangle block, ACB: Adductor canal block, DSB: Dual subsartorial block, STNB: Selective tibial nerve block, LIA: Local infiltration analgesia, i-PACK: Infiltration between popliteal artery and capsule of knee joint).*
