**Abstract**

The prevalence of COVID 19 disease cases in India stands too high; this disease is caused by the coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. Noval coronavirus virus was firstly detected in a group of people suffering from Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Several studies are conducted to understand the different aspects of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in causing severe respiratory infections. However, the impact of risk factors on the severity of the symptoms and outcome of COVID 19 is not clearly understood. Similarly, most studies reported that patients who suffer from comorbidities with COVID 19 had a poor prognosis. Most COVID 19 patients who had preexisting medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking habit, etc., required ICU admission and mechanical ventilation. On the other hand, studies reported that COVID 19 infection is responsible for causing the predominant cardiovascular diseases due to myocardial damage, thromboembolism arrhythmias, and ACS.

**Keywords:** Cardiovascular risk factors, Diabetes, Hypertension, outcome patients, COVID- 19

#### **1. Introduction**

Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that causes various illnesses in humans and animals, ranging from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome. COVID 19 is the most recently discovered virus of the coronavirus family. The prominent significant symptoms of coronavirus are cold, cough, fever, headache, and sometimes even diarrhea [1]. It is transmitted from one person to another by tiny droplets from the nose or mouth, expelled by a person with COVID-19 coughs, sneezes, or speaks. These droplets are moderately thick, do not travel far, and quickly sink to the ground [2]. People can also be infected by touching the objects or surfaces with coronavirus and then touching their eyes, nose, or mouth. The person who has contacted a COVID 19 positive and has cold, cough, and fever symptoms needs to be self-quarantined for 14 days to prevent the spread of infection to others within the community. The duration between exposure to COVID 19 and the beginning of symptoms is around five to six days, but it ranges from 2 to 14 days. It is one of the main reasons why the person is quarantined for 14 days after exposure. A research study showed that children and adolescents are as likely to be infected as any other age group and can spread the disease. The severity of the symptoms is equally noticed in all age groups [3].

The effect of COVID 19 among patients with cardiovascular disease conditions and diabetes was found to be high. Similarly, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease conditions was also found to be high among the patients who were infected with COVID 19. The hypothetical reasons are myocardial damage, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy caused by stress due to COVID 19. The other important causes of cardiovascular problems in COVID 19 are pneumonia, increased cardiac output, electrolyte imbalance, side effects of drugs used to treat the COVID 19 [4].

The infection occurs in myocardial muscles due to damage or injury to the major organs. The inflammation chances will increase, which induces the cytokine storm and vascular hyper-permeability, leading to multi-organ failure and death. The occurrence of cytokines storm is high in patients with diabetes [4].

The thromboembolic action is intense in diabetic patients as it has a significant association with prothrombotic events, which are responsible for causing fibrinolysis and clotting factors. The coagulation activity is likely to be increased further among the patients with COVID 19 diseases. Due to endothelial dysfunction, hypoxia occurs, which can cause intra-vessel coagulation problems [ 5].

The following are the main cardiovascular risk factors;

