**20. Conclusion**

The amount of the Furin is more in the diabetic patients that promote the entry of virus in the human body.

The enhancement of the viral entry occurs by the S1 and S2 subunits of spike proteins of the virus. ACE2 inhibitors play a crucial role in enriching the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the human body. They are usually located on the vital organs' cell membranes, including the lungs, intestine, kidney, and vessels. They are known to be more in diabetic and hypertensive patients. ACE2 values are high in the patients using antihypertensive and antidiabetic medications.

Similarly, diabetic patients are at increased risk of acquiring viral infections due to the decreased function of the leukocytes. Further, it enhances the multiplication of SARS-CoV-2. Many studies revealed that diabetes and hypertensive patients infected with COVID 19 causes endothelial destruction and lead to venous thrombus and embolic complications. That leads to an increase in the D – dimer values, which indicates the thromboembolic complications increase mortality among the COVID 19 patients with diabetes and hypertension. The spreading of COVID 19 disease is high in the obesity population, as increased levels of fatty tissues consist of ACE2 receptors that easily facilitate the SARS-CoV-2 entry into the human system. Smoking is also one of the crucial modifiable risk factors in contacting the COVID 19 infection as it destructs the endothelial system and damages the respiratory system. Therefore, through this chapter, we understand an association between cardiovascular risk factors and the outcome of the patients with COVID 19.
