**3. Proteins**

Proteins, that are the building blocks of cells, are the littlest a part of the body and incorporates amino acids [13]. They're one among the most nutrients that has got to be taken for growth and development. 10–11% of daily energy would like is met from supermolecules [13]. 1 g of protein offers four kcal of energy. Proteins are the body' highest energy store once fatty tissue [1]. Throughout pregnancy, proteins are functionally needed for fetal growth, placental development, formation of amnionic fluid, increase of maternal blood volume and growth of maternal tissues. Therefore, the supermolecule demand will increase throughout pregnancy [15]. The order of protein requirement for tissue building and repair is as follows: fetus (42%) followed by female internal reproductive organ (17%), blood (14%), placenta (10%), and breast enlargement (8%). Throughout pregnancy, the uterus and maternal blood are comparatively wealthy in protein instead of fat or macromolecule [15]. Despite the decrease in total protein and albumin during pregnancy, there's no downside within the protein requirement for the fetus since the protein taken in the diet is employed additional effectively. Studies have shown that the

*The Effects of Multivitamin Use in Pregnancy on Mother and Fetus Health DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98925*

organic compound concentration is higher in the fetal compartment than within the maternal one. This higher concentration is usually regulated by the placenta. The placenta not solely concentrates amino acids in the fetal circulation, however is additionally liable for supermolecule synthesis, oxidation, and transamination of some non-essential amino acids [15]. Whereas the number of protein that nonpregnant ladies ought to take is 0.8 g/kg/day, this figure is 1.1 g/kg/day throughout pregnancy [14].
