**8. Conclusions**

Cardiac arrhythmias can occur in all stages of anesthesia and surgical procedures. They are relatively frequent and continue to be an important source of morbidity and mortality among surgical patients. Most arrhythmias are benign, but some can progress to malignant arrhythmias and necessitate an urgent response. A thorough understanding of the arrhythmias, timely diagnosis as well as performing an early intervention with appropriate therapy enables a proactive approach to patient management and is life-saving for patients.
