Meet the editor

Dr. Chahine graduated from medical school in Lebanon in 2016 and moved to Cleveland, USA for his Internal Medicine residency in 2017. He is currently a cardiology fellow at the University of Minnesota, USA. He is well-published in high-impact journals. Dr. Chahine strives for excellence in his medical knowledge and a friendly environment for his colleagues and patients.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Preface XI**

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Different Patient Population **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 27**

**Chapter 3 51**

**Chapter 4 77**

**Chapter 5 95**

Miscellaneous **113**

**Chapter 6 115**

Role of Arterial Pressure, Wall Stiffness, Pulse Pressure and Waveform

in Arterial Wall Stress/Strain and Its Clinical Implications

Sex Differences in Long-Term Trends of Psychosocial Factors and Gender Effect on Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: Arterial Hypertension, Myocardial Infarction and Stroke *by Valery V. Gafarov, Dmitriy O. Panov, Elena A. Gromova, Igor V. Gagulin, Almira V. Gafarova and Eldar A. Krymov*

Vascular Calcification and Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic

*by Eduarda Castanheiro Esteves Carias, Roberto Calças Marques* 

Genetic Polymorphisms and Their Interactions with the Risk

*by Nathan B. Buila, Gilbert K. Kabanda, Elysee M-C. Munyoka,* 

*by Joseph Musonda Chalwe, Christa Grobler and Wilna Oldewage-Theron*

Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases: Review Chapter

Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Aircrew

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children *by Mirjam Močnik and Nataša Marčun Varda*

**Section 2**

*by Thomas K. Day*

*Jean-Marc B. Bantu and Jean René M'Buyamba-Kabangu*

Kidney Disease: A Problem That Is Here to Stay

*and Ana Paula Andrade da Silva*
