**4. Conclusion**

The problem of oil spill accidents unto aquatic and terrestrial environments remains one of the series of severe environmental and ecological damages on mother Earth planet, which when not properly managed causes long-term great distortion of ecological equilibrium that consumes lots of financial and biodiversified resources. To address this kind of environmental issue with vigour considering the problem of complexity of oil spill strongly interested to be managed within the shortest possible treatment time through use of renewable and cost-free energy source for just to maintain ecological equilibrium, development of solardriven oil spill remediating material with highly desired self-multifaceted features and functions is unwaveringly needed.

Amongst the remediation technology which would completely remove spilled oils from surface waters and soils with cost-free energy, TiO2 photocatalysis has a proven potential to treat "difficult-to-remove" spilled oils inexpensively and thus, is expected to play an important role in large-scale oil spill remediation challenges. Despite the substantial progress made in TiO2 photocatalysis, considerable opportunities and commercialisation-related challenges still remain in oil spill remediation using TiO2. This clearly demonstrates that gaps exist between material research and application studies for practical application of TiO2-containing nanocomposite in oil spill remediation. However, as the complexities and hindrances involved in oil spill remediation using TiO2 photocatalysis can be modelled to overcome the limitations, such provides the ground basis for designing better TiO2-containing nanocomposite for utilisation of full spectrum of solar radiation that is adequate to meet the demands of large-scale commercial use of TiO2 in oil spill remediation. It is expected that this fundamental understanding of remedies to overcome TiO2 limitations in oil spill remediation dispels the fear of whether or not modified-TiO2 can perform well and therefore, it needs to be considered for incorporation within commercial oil spill remediation products over the coming years.
