**10. Overall summary and recommendation**

Following section will summarize the overall losses, challenges, and recommendations for improvement.

#### **10.1 Summary**

The possible energy performance improvement percentage from existing conditions for different sectors is represented in **Figure 30** (GOSPs are shown as a sector

#### **Figure 29.**

*Impact of 2030 primary energy fuel for different end-user efficiency improvement (Keeping all other parts of the network constant).*

#### **Figure 30.**

*Energy performance improvement (%) possibility.*

as it is part of the industrial sector but due to its impact it is mentioned separately). Even buildings are segregated in commercial, residential, and government due to different ways to tackle energy efficiencies in these sub-sectors. On average, approximately 20–25% energy conservation and efficiency improvement are possible from all sectors. These figures are conservative and can go much higher in all three major sectors (i.e., industrial, transportation, and buildings).

There is a significant technological improvement for building sectors and there is huge hidden wastage due to consumer attitude. The sensitivity analysis represented earlier only considers up to 10% improvement from its existing wastage; however, the efficiency improvement can go up to 50% if holistic approaches are applied.

The analysis suggests that there is significant scope for energy efficiency improvement in the transportation sector. Improved urban planning, public *Energy Efficiency: The Overlooked Energy Resource DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101835*

transport, and the implementation of energy efficiency vehicle regulations will play a key role. As awareness is a key factor to this sector, policies like incentives for carpooling, privilege parking for hybrid cars, have the popular social appeal that could have a significant impact in improving energy efficiency in this sector.

The industrial sector is the most energy-intensive sector in Saudi Arabia and it is principally made up of HCSC and the utility sector. The discussed improvements are predominantly covering the entire industrial sector and the energy enhancements are enormous creating opportunities for reducing GHG emissions along with monetary benefits. Improvements in the energy supply chain will have greater implications, the counts of barrels saved in the processing will be added to the export/usage, preserving natural resources and environment for the future generations. It is likely that by following the approach, manufacturing industry of the future will become energy efficient and fully embrace the best practices to optimize resources utilization while consuming less energy. All case studies are summarized to enrich and illustrate the subject and demonstrate the methodology appropriately to put them on track to achieve international climate and energy goals. The adoption of cogeneration technology, pressure energy recovery, heat integration, load management, etc. helps in promoting energy efficiency, lowering the energy intensity of operating plants, adding value to hydrocarbon resources, and protecting the environment. The analysis clearly indicates that there is an enormous potential for improvements in the complete energy supply chain and well-capitalized by the Kingdom's policy makers and can be leveraged to other countries.

#### **10.2 Challenges**

Improvement in energy efficiency has multi-dimensional challenges and needs some attention from the policy makers and strategists. Even though the technological knowledge gap could be minimized, yet there is a huge shortage of knowledgeable professionals in this specialty, (i.e., energy efficiency/energy conservation), worldwide. The unavailability of commercially available tools to conduct energy efficiency analysis is also an area of attention for the policy makers, to develop and promote the expertise and tools by providing investment for the required infrastructure. Technological development without strategies to realize the life-cycle basis where energy efficiency is an element to explore sustainability concepts along with the progression. End-users lack understanding/awareness about the significance of energy wastage, which in turn impacts global issues like global warming, making it very difficult to tackle. Upgrading from old inefficient systems and technologies to newer efficient ones demands a clear perspective on investment and a relative understanding of the impact of alternative investment.

#### **10.3 Conclusions and recommendations**

The outcome is that energy efficiency is essential for further and vigorous growth in all three major sectors. It is worth stating that using energy efficiency as a framework for environmental strategy and energy goals enabled the Kingdom to implement a plan that is feasible and robust. It provided the Kingdom a competitive advantage by enabling a strong and energy-efficient economy and reaping the benefits of selling avoided energy consumption. Other policymakers can leverage these findings and adapt a similar approach to alleviate global warming through proven cost-effective energy efficiency measures. Although, all sectors have similar savings potential percentage but the industrial sector is of greater importance as it is very energy-intensive and of larger magnitude. Kingdom's industrial sector is dominated by hydrocarbon supply chain, owned by Saudi Aramco, which is leading the

effort and playing a key role in positioning the strategy. Saudi Aramco has a vital role in the formulation of the strategy and also provided its support in deployment and further improvement.

Some of the key takeaways from the adapted approach of improving a livable environment through the implementation of energy efficiency measures are summarized below as quick wins;

