**2. Considerations in gas–liquid–liquid systems**

Gas–liquid–liquid reactors are a common occurrence in the bioprocess field (see **Table 1**). Such reactors tend to be comprised of one continuous liquid phase (primary liquid phase) and two dispersed phases (gas phase and secondary liquid phase) as illustrated in **Figure 1**. The departure of such reactors from traditional gas–liquid reactors is through the introduction of a secondary liquid phase within


*BCR – bubble column reactor. <sup>3</sup>*

*For more on biological gas stripping, see [3].*

#### **Table 1.**

*Selection of experimental work on gas–liquid–liquid reactors.*

*The Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics in the Analysis of Gas-Liquid-Liquid Reactors DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99157*

**Figure 1.** *Illustration of gas–liquid–liquid stirred tank reactor.*

the system. The introduction of the latter modifies the system in a manner that impacts mass transfer and this can be seen by changes in the gas hold up, the bubble diameters and the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficients [4]. Underpinning these observable changes, however, are modifications to the fluid properties, mass transfer properties and pathways as well as the reactor hydrodynamics. A consideration of these modifications is necessary for appropriate modelling and as such a brief review on the same is presented herein. In-depth reviews are available elsewhere [4, 19, 20].
