**Author details**

Muhammad Wakil Shahzad<sup>1</sup> \*, Kim Choon Ng<sup>2</sup> , Muhammad Burhan<sup>2</sup> , Chen Qian<sup>2</sup> , Doskhan Ybyraiykul<sup>2</sup> , M. Kumja<sup>2</sup> , Muhammad Ahmad Jamil<sup>1</sup> , Yinzhu Jiang<sup>3</sup> , Nida Imtiaz1,4 and Ben Bin Xu<sup>1</sup>

1 Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK

2 Water Desalination and Reuse Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

3 School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China

4 School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

\*Address all correspondence to: muhammad.w.shahzad@northumbria.ac.uk

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