Meet the editors

Dr. Muhammad Wakil Shahzad is a senior lecturer in the Mechanical and Construction Engineering Department, Northumbria University (NU), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom. He is an expert in renewable energy storage and its applications for water treatment, hybrid desalination processes, and life cycle cost analysis. He has won many international awards for his innovative desalination cycle, including the National Energy Globe

Award Saudi Arabia 2021, Sustainability Medal 2020, Global Innovation Award 2020, National Energy Globe Award Saudi Arabia 2020 and 2019, Excellence and Leadership Award 2019, and IDA Environmental & Sustainability Award 2019. His research has been highlighted on Yahoo Business, Nature Middle East, Arab News, and many other national and international platforms. Dr. Shahzad has a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the National University of Singapore and research training from KAUST Saudi Arabia. He has extensive experience in intellectual property development and the commercialization of innovative technologies. He holds eleven international patents. To date, he has published two books, seventeen book chapters, more than seventy peer-reviewed journal papers, and more than 110 conference papers. He also received three best paper awards at international conferences. He is an editor of International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, an editorial board member of SN Applied Sciences, and a guest editor for topical collections. He is a Chartered Engineer and a mentor for the International Desalination Association's Young Leader Program (IDA-YLP). He is also a member of many professional organizations, including the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, International Desalination Association (IDA), International Water Association (IWA), and American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).

Dr. Muhammad Sultan is an associate professor in the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. He has a BSc and MSc in Agricultural Engineering from the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, and a Ph.D. in Energy and Environmental Engineering from Kyushu University, Japan. He did postdoctoral research in energy and environmental engineering at Kyushu University

and in mechatronic systems engineering at Simon Fraser University, Canada. He has published more than 300 articles in international journals, conferences, books, and book chapters. He has been a reviewer and editor of numerous journals. His research focuses on developing energy-efficient temperature and humidity control systems for agricultural applications including greenhouses, fruits/vegetable storage, livestock, and poultry applications. His research keywords include adsorption heat pumps, desiccant air-conditioning, evaporative cooling, Maisotsenko cycle, adsorption desalination, energy recovery ventilator, atmospheric water harvesting, and wastewater treatment.

Dr. Ben Bin Xu is a Full Professor of Materials and Mechanics, at the Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering (MCE), Northumbria University, United Kingdom and leads the research group of the Smart Materials and Surfaces Lab. He obtained his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering at Heriot-Watt University, Scotland, in 2011 and subsequently worked as a postdoc researcher at the University of Massachusetts Amherst (2011–

Contents

**Section 1**

*by Homayoun Nikookar*

Hydrogen as a Clean Energy Source *by Vikram Rama Uttam Pandit*

of Oil-Alcohol-Glycerin Systems

Cogeneration Gas Engines

Noether Theorem *by Patrick Sangouard*

Energy Platform

**Section 2**

*by Benjamim H.L. Silva and Cesar A.M. Abreu*

*by Darko Goričanec and Danijela Urbancl*

*Yinzhu Jiang, Nida Imtiaz and Ben Bin Xu*

**Preface XI**

Energy Resources **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 11**

**Chapter 3 21**

**Chapter 4 33**

**Chapter 5 51**

Energy Efficiency Evaluation **105**

**Chapter 6 107**

Waveform Design for Energy Efficient OFDM Transmission

Quantitative of Mass Transfer in Liquid-Liquid Operations

Exploitation of Excess Low-Temperature Heat Sources from

Perspective Chapter: Device, Electronic, Technology for a M.E.M.S. Which Allow the Extraction of Vacuum Energy Conform to Emmy

Performance Evaluation of Desalination Technologies at Common

*by Muhammad Wakil Shahzad, Kim Choon Ng, Muhammad Burhan, Chen Qian, Doskhan Ybyraiykul, M. Kumja, Muhammad Ahmad Jamil,* 

2013). His research interests include advanced materials, smart surfaces, energy materials/systems, thin films, flexible electronics, and micro-engineering. He has published more than 120 journal articles and 3 book chapters. He has four patents to his credit. He has given more than sixty invited talks and won multiple awards, such as the Outstanding Paper Award at the 2018 IEEE International Flexible Electronics Technology Conference, 2016 Young Investigator Award from the International Polymer Networks Group, and the 3rd prize in the 2016 EPSRC photo competition, among others. Dr. Xu is a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IoM3), and Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA). He is also a Chartered Scientist and Chartered Engineer. He has been an elected member in the Advisory Council and Nomination Committee of IoM3 since 2019, an elected member in the RSC Materials Chemistry Division Council since 2020, an elected member in the RSC Newcastle upon Tyne and North East Coast Committee since 2020, and the executive committee for the Chinese Society of Chemical Science and Technology (CSCST-UK) since 2016.

Yinzhu Jiang is a professor in the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, China. He received his Ph.D. from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, China in 2007. He worked as a post-doctoral researcher at Heriot-Watt University, the UK from 2007 to 2008 and an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow at Bielefeld University, Germany from 2008 to 2010. His research

interests focus mainly on energy-related materials and electrochemistry, including rechargeable batteries, metal anodes, and solid electrolytes. He has published more than 100 journal articles.

Professor Laurent Dala joined Northumbria University, UK in 2016 as a Full Professor of Aerospace Engineering, having previously held positions as Chief Scientist in Aerospace Engineering for the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa, and chair of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Pretoria, South Africa. He was also the president of the Aeronautical Society of South Africa (AeSSA). He is a fellow of

the Royal Aeronautical Society (FRAeS), a Chartered Engineer, and a Eur-Ing. He has more than 25 years of research experience in aerospace engineering. He has led various research projects around the world, particularly in flow control and multidisciplinary optimisation methods. He has been awarded as a Principal Investigator more than ZAR 3.0M and £250,000 since 2014. He has published more than 160 peer-reviewed papers/conferences. He has four patents with three in flow control. He has been invited more than sixty times as a guest speaker and is a winner of multiple awards. He is a member of the Specialist Committee for Aerodynamics at the Association Aeronautique et Astronautique de France and a visiting professor in France, South Africa, Russia, and China. He is a member of the EPSRC's College of Peer Reviewers, the European Research Council's College of Peer Reviewers, and the National Research Foundation's College of Peer Reviewers, South Africa. Dr. Dala is currently the head of the Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University.
