**3. Results**

In the case of marine fuel, shows the well-to-pump result of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions are in **Table 2**. In the pump-to-hull pathway, the GHG emissions are only calculated from the specification of HYUNDAI MAN B & W TYPE: 6G50ME-GI used in Ilshin Shipping LNG propulsion vessel because of the company's secret. The GHG emissions result is 74.4 g/MJ in diesel mode.

Processes of extraction, production processing, and storage before importing LNG to Korea are included. Since NG also uses GREET, it is necessary to analyze additional information by importing the country later. Based on GREET, energy use: 59,287 kJ / GJ. GHGs emission results: 12606 gCO2 / GJ. In the natural gas processing step, energy use is 4510 kJ/GJ, and GHGs emission result is 34,741gCO2/ GJ. In the transportation step, GREET only provides a specification of oil tankers that transport crude oil, so we use the same value as well. Because LNG carriers generate electricity and heat from vented gases, they are expected to emit fewer emissions than diesel ships. The results are 19,646 kJ/GJ and 1643.8gCO2/GJ. In the storage, re-gasification, and distribution step, the data are not accumulated enough to evaluate, so we use the value in GREET. The values are 15,478 kJ/GJ and 1904gCO2/GJ.

For LNG, the well-to-pump result of energy use is 194.8 kJ/MJ, and GHG emissions are 19.75 g/MJ. In the pump-to-hull step, the GHG emission result is 56.5 g/MJ in gas mode.

In **Figures 5**–**7**, all the results of WTP are organized to be comprehensive. In the case of well to pump (WTP), LNG has higher energy consumption and GHGs emissions due to the addition of processes such as compressed gas and re-liquefaction, as


#### **Table 2.**

*Well to pump results in marine fuel.*

**Figure 5.** *Marine fuel WTP energy usage results (kJ/MJ).*

**Figure 6.**

*Marine fuel WTP GHG emissions results (g/MJ).*

**Figure 7.** *Marine fuel WTH GHG emissions results (g/MJ).*

well as the amount of gas discharged during production compared to marine fuels such as residual oil and marine distillate. Energy consumption data in PTH CANNOT have been obtained from Ilshin. However, it is considered that the energy consumption of LNG is higher because of use to boil-off-gas re-liquefaction. For pump to hull (PTH), GHGs emissions from operations are far above the WTP process.
