**5. Conclusion**

Using a static and dynamic model, this study looked at per capita natural gas demand in the residential sector in OECD countries from 2005 to 2016. The goal of this study is to add to the empirical literature on residential natural gas demand research by analyzing the impact of demographic characteristics on natural gas consumption in the OECD environment, specifically urbanization rate, density, and elderly population.

In fact, no previous study in the OECD has employed a comprehensive model to estimate residential natural gas demand. Previous research has frequently focused

on price and income. It is suggested that adding demographic variables will be helpful for policymakers.

A considerable effect of urbanization, density, and elderly population on residential natural gas usage was discovered using a dynamic framework. Due to policy efficiency, rapid urbanization leads to the use of more natural gas per capita, whereas population density leads to the use of less natural gas per capita, especially in buildings. Furthermore, older adults use less natural gas per capita and are more likely to use electric appliances.

Although previous studies have shown that older persons use more energy for heating, these findings appear to be counterintuitive in terms of economic behavior, preference, or the ubiquity of such appliances in OECD buildings.
