**1. Introduction**

Natural gas is one of the cleanest and most useful forms of energy, with almost 90% of it being methane. In addition, natural gas contains a small amount of gases, such as ethane, propane, hydrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and water vapor. The composition of natural gas varies depending on exploration wells and seasons. Due to the dissimilar distribution pattern of natural gas fields in the world and the increase in its use as a fuel, its transmission and storage are highly important [1]. The vast potential application of nanotechnology has propelled numerous research studies in various fields including the oil and gas sector. There are several challenges in the oil and gas industry that nanotechnology could address if articulately harnessed through research, and one of such challenges is natural gas storage and transportation. Several types of porous media for gas storage have been proposed, developed, and studied, and these include molecular sieve, activated carbon, zeolite, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [2]. Since the discovery of CNTs in the 1990s, they have been studied and used as adsorbents for various natural gases, alkanes, and noble gases. Due to the tubular shape, uneven structure with well-defined adsorption strategies and their exceptional specific surface area (up to 1550 m<sup>2</sup> /g), carbon nanotubes are a better candidate for natural gas storage and separation especially compared with other porous adsorbents in the industry materials such as carbon and zeolite [3]. In general, the nanostructures

with high surface-to-volume ratio envisage a diversity of applications against the bulk materials. Particularly, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit the interesting features in nanotechnolo [4]. Research has shown that carbon nanotube (CNT), products of nanotechnology have the capacity to store natural gas through a comparatively cheap and efficient method, though investigations are still ongoing in solving the challenges facing this method. This chapter is thus aimed at reviewing the prospects of storing and transporting natural gas in CNT, and it highlights some factors that can enhance the gas storing capacity of methane in nanotubes [2].
