*2.4.1 Marine fuel*

GREET shows five things related to the WTP process of marine fuels. The values are 1) petroleum-based marine fuels from crude oil, 2) Fisher-Tropsch diesel fuel from natural gas, coal, and cellulosic biomass, 3) hydro-processed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) or hydro-processed renewable diesel (HRD) diesel fuel from bio-oil found in soybeans, palm, rapeseed, jatropha, camelina, and algae, 4) renewable diesel from pyrolysis of cellulosic biomass, and 5) biodiesel or fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from bio-oil found in soybeans, palm, rapeseed, jatropha, camelina, and algae. Among them, crude oil-based marine fuels are chosen. The average distance from oil-importing country to the Korean refinery is 12,135 km based on Korea National Oil Corporation's data, using Voyage calculator. According to the Korea National Oil Corporation, most volume of crude oil is imported from overseas. About 76% of total crude oil imports are from the Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Qatar, etc.) in 2018. Domestic data on crude oil import, preparation, and distribution for the diesel life cycle analysis were provided by the Korea Petroleum Association [8].
