**3.4 Lowering of IPMC electrode surface resistance**

The resistance of the surface shows a crucial part in the electro-deformation of IPMC. Shahinpoor and Kim [32] abridge the resistance of active electrode surface effects on the prominence of artificial IPMC system is inclusive [33, 34]. It is observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the surface cracks on the IPMC are easily visible, and pores are easily distinguishable. The relaxation and contraction are repeatedly shown when actuation bending of an IPMC generates more electrode surface cracks and depreciates the IPMC conductivity of the surface. If the IPMC electrode surface has a high resistance surface, the solvent molecules and cations membrane inside will transport to the outer side electrodes associated with the supply of power for the gradient encouraged in the field of electricity. The AC impedance analysis is an electrochemical method that helps to investigate IPMC artificial systems that elucidate the structure's equivalent circuit. The surfaceelectrode resistances (Rss), the polymer resistance (Rp), and impedance (Zw) for the charge transportation resistance nearby the surface electrode, with the double layer capacitance, relates in the interface of electrode-surface-electrolyte (Cd) and ionic polymer. In general, the surface electrode length (L) and the thickness of the surface electrode (t) play an essential role [27].
