**Chapter 7**

Structural, Optical, and Electrical Studies of PAN-Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Solid-State Battery Applications *by Vijaya Kumar Kambila*

#### **Chapter 8**

Phase Change Materials for Renewable Energy Storage Applications *by Banavath Srinivasaraonaik, Shishir Sinha and Lok Pratap Singh*

Preface

Renewable energy systems have been identified as potential solutions to traditional fossil fuels, which are associated with the emission of carbon dioxide that is not environmentally friendly. The 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, United Kingdom, brought parties together to accelerate actions towards the

With the proliferation of renewable energy and smart grid technologies, the need for energy storage cannot be overemphasized, due to the stochastic nature of renewable energy sources. In renewable energy applications, solar, wind, and hydropower energy sources are considered the most versatile for generating electricity. The high-efficiency power utilization of solar and wind energy, either standalone (autonomous) or gridconnected (non-autonomous), necessitates considerable advancements in energy storage technologies, especially in residential, industrial, solar farm, and wind farm

There are emerging interdisciplinary studies on energy storage technologies for

solar-photovoltaic, photothermal, electrical, and thermal energies, wind farm stability, and hydrogen production using battery energy storage systems, flywheels, or other alternative solutions to enhance the continuity and stability of solar and wind energy

This book presents recent works on the concept, design, control, and applications of energy storage devices and techniques in the field of energy conversion and conservation, including electrical and thermal storage for the rapid development and utilization of energy systems. Since the developments in this field are rapid and accompanied by many challenges, this book proposes different techniques considering novel topologies of control and advanced strategies for the optimal performance of energy storage systems.

The book is for graduate and undergraduate students, academics, energy planners, industries, and government establishments in the field of energy storage devices and

considering battery storage techniques. Chapter 1, "Electrical Equivalent Circuit Models of Lithium-ion Battery," helps in understanding the behavior of batteries in order to improve both performance and efficiency. A systematic comparison and analysis using simulation was done to help select an ideal model that best suits a specific application. Chapter 2, "Battery Energy Storage Systems and Rooftop Solar-Photovoltaics in Electric Power Distribution Networks," demonstrates the merits of a rooftop solar-photovoltaic (PV) system employing a battery energy storage system. It analyzes the application of only a battery energy storage system, only a rooftop PV system, a hybrid of the rooftop and battery energy system, and varying levels of the battery energy storage system. Chapter 3, "The Second Life of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Batteries Methodology of Implementation in Ecuador," studies the implementation of second-life NiHm batteries in hybrid vehicles in Ecuador to improve the quality of recycling of elements like battery packs and associated devices and generate a special treatment for their recovery. Chapter 4, "Current Status and Prospects of Solid-State Batteries as the Future of Energy Storage," discusses the specific challenges, design principles, and performance

This book is divided into two sections. The first section includes four chapters

Paris Agreement and Kyoto Protocol.

utilization and efficiency.

management.

applications, to overcome their intermittent nature.

**139**
