Meet the editors

Dr. Muhammad Wakil Shahzad is a senior lecturer in the Mechanical and Construction Engineering Department, Northumbria University (NU), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom. He is an expert in hybrid desalination processes and renewable energy applications for water treatment. He has won many international awards for his innovative desalination cycle, including the National Energy Globe Award Saudi Arabia 2021, Sustainability Medal

2020, Global Innovation Award 2020, National Energy Globe Award Saudi Arabia 2020 and 2019, Excellence and Leadership Award 2019, and IDA Environmental & Sustainability Award 2019. His research has been highlighted at Yahoo Business, Nature Middle East, Arab News, and many other national and international platforms. Dr. Shahzad has a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the National University of Singapore and research training from KAUST Saudi Arabia. He has extensive experience in intellectual property development and the commercialization of innovative technologies. He holds eleven international patents. To date, he has published two books, seventeen book chapters, more than seventy peer-reviewed journal papers, and more than 110 conference papers. He also received three best paper awards in international conferences. He is an editor of *International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer*, an editorial board member of SN Applied Sciences, and a guest editor for topical collections. He is a Chartered Engineer and a mentor for International Desalination Association's Young Leader Program (IDA-YLP). He is also a member of many professional organizations, including the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, International Desalination Association (IDA), International Water Association (IWA), and American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).

Dr. Mike Dixon is a desalination and water treatment technology professional with 15 years' experience working with membrane and thermal technologies in Australia, North America, the Middle East, the Caribbean, and Asia. He has worked across the entire value chain with technology manufacturers, water utilities, oil and gas companies, pharmaceutical companies, and research hubs. As the current Chief Technology Officer of WaterNEXT (a water

business accelerator based in Calgary, Canada), Dr. Dixon's responsibilities include technology assessment and intake assessment. He is also a senior technical advisor, and on the founding team, of MIT start-up Sandymount Technologies. Prior to WaterSMART, Dr. Dixon was Applications Development Manager for NanoH2O, a global provider of reverse osmosis membranes that leveraged UCLA developed nanotechnology developed at the University of California, Los Angeles, to lower the cost of desalination with more than 300 installations in 40+ countries in the three years from market launch. LG Chem acquired NanoH2O in 2014. He was also R&D Engineer for the 300,000 m3/day Adelaide Desalination Plant. Dr. Dixon has a Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Adelaide, Australia, and business training from Stanford University, California. He is experienced with the development of intellectual property and the commercialization of new technologies. He has more than sixty publications in international journals and is an author of several books and book chapters. He has been an editor of the *International Desalination Association Journal* and a reviewer for the *Journal of Membrane Science, Desalination and Water Research*.

He was National President of the Young Water Professionals for the Australian Water Association and in 2012 won the prestigious International Desalination Association Fellowship Award.

After finishing his Ph.D. in Chemistry in New Zealand, Dr. Giancarlo Barassi returned to his home country Chile and started his own company H2OPRO where he got involved in selling projects and equipment for Culligan, Voltea and FEDCO in Chile and Peru. He has hands-on experience in design, commissioning and troubleshooting of RO plants for Industrial, Agriculture and Haemodialysis applications. Dr. Barassi joined the pump and ERD Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

**Section 3**

*by Issam Daghari*

Energy Recovery in Membrane Process

Desalination Membrane Management

*by Ishita Shrivastava and Edward Eric Adams*

*by Nicholas Nelson and Antonella De Luca*

Industry: Batch Design and Regeneration *by Khaled Boughzala and Mustapha Hidouri*

Desalination Brine Management: Effect on Outfall Design

Remineralization and Stabilization of Desalinated Water

Elimination of Acid Red 88 by Waste Product from the Phosphate

*by Saeed Pourkarim Nozhdehi*

*by Thallam Lakshmi Prasad*

Desalination and Agriculture

**Preface III**

Energy for Water Treatment **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Membrane and Brine Management **41**

**Chapter 2 43**

**Chapter 3 57**

Water Utilization, Remineralization and Acid Control **81**

**Chapter 4 83**

**Chapter 5 93**

**Chapter 6 111**

manufacturer, FEDCO, in September 2017 where he collaborated in Sales and Business Development in the Western Hemisphere until 2021. He was appointed the co-chair of the Young Leader Program at the International Desalination Association for the 2019- 2022 term where he promotes benefits to young professionals in our industry. In 2022 he joined Aquatech International LLC, as the Desalination and Reuse Market Manager, where he oversees all Desalination and Reuse projects.

Dr. Ben Bin Xu is a Full Professor of Materials and Mechanics, Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering (MCE), Northumbria University (NU), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom. and leads the research group of the university's Smart Materials and Surfaces Lab. He obtained his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering at Heriot-Watt University, Scotland, in 2011 and subsequently worked as a postdoc researcher at the University of Massachusetts

Amherst (2011–2013). His research interests include advanced materials, smart surfaces, energy materials/systems, thin films, flexible electronics, and micro-engineering. He has published more than 120 journal articles and 3 book chapters. He has four patents to his credit. He has given more than sixty invited talks and won multiple awards, such as the Outstanding Paper Award at the 2018 IEEE International Flexible Electronics Technology Conference, 2016 Young Investigator Award from the International Polymer Networks Group, and 3rd prize in the 2016 EPSRC photo competition, among others. Dr. Xu is a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IoM3), and Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA). He is also a Chartered Scientist and Chartered Engineer. He has been an elected member in the Advisory Council and Nomination Committee of IoM3 since 2019, an elected member in the RSC Materials Chemistry Division Council since 2020, an elected member in the RSC Newcastle upon Tyne and North East Coast Committee since 2020, and the executive committee for the Chinese Society of Chemical Science and Technology (CSCST-UK) since 2016.

Dr. Yinzhu Jiang is a professor at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, China. He received his Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering from the University of Science and Technology, China, in 2007. He worked as a post-doctoral researcher at Heriot-Watt University, Scotland, from 2007 to 2008, and an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow at Bielefeld University, Germany, from 2008 to 2010. His research interests focus mainly on

energy-related materials and electrochemistry, including rechargeable batteries, metal anodes, and solid electrolytes. He has published more than 100 articles in journals such as *Advanced Materials, Advanced Energy Materials, Energy & Environmental Science, Nano Energy*, and others.
