**3. Conclusion**

Over-exploitation of natural resources, land mismanagement, industrialization, and urbanization has led to the discharge of heavy metal through anthropogenic activities. The contamination of soil by heavy metals is of great concern because of its potential impact on human, animal, and plant health. Therefore, effectual technologies of remediation are necessary. Although the traditional physical and chemical methods for cleanup of sediment contaminated with high concentrations of heavy metal are low in cost, but simultaneously can modify soil properties and native microflora and can also produce secondary pollutants in the soil. By comparison, bioremediation is a better alternative to solve this issue. It is environmentally friendly, cost-effective, does not impact the natural microflora of soil, and the use of nature-based products enhances the attainment of UN Sustainable Goals. However, various aspects of bioremediation make the method moderately debilitated, such as longer time is required for transforming the heavy metals. Integration of various techniques can help in achieving a more efficient result for remediating the contaminated soil. Furthermore, the screening of various native plants for remediation of polluted soil with toxic heavy metals as well as advancement in the application of biotechnological approaches has offered various modified plants for phytoremediation.

*Biodegradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants*
