Contents



**III**

**Chapter 17 303**

**Chapter 18 321**

**Chapter 19 339**

**Chapter 20 367**

**Chapter 21 389**

**Chapter 22 409**

Pollutant Analysis **431**

**Chapter 23 433**

**Chapter 24 449**

**Chapter 25 465**

Mobile Phase Selection by Optimization for the Determination of Multiple Pesticides Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Chromatography toward Separation

Gas Chromatographic: Mass Spectrometric Mining the Volatilomes Associated to Rhizobiota Exposed to Commonly Used Pharmaceuticals

Phytoremediatiation of Metal and Metalloid Pollutants from Farmland:

Phytochelatin Synthase in Heavy Metal Detoxification and Xenobiotic

Recombinant Fungal Cellulases for the Saccharification of Sugarcane

*Alison Borges Vitor, Geise Camila Ribeiro, Cleidineia Souza de Santana* 

Novel Acumens into Biodegradation: Impact of Nanomaterials and Their

*by Danushika C. Manatunga, Rohan S. Dassanayake and Renuka N. Liyanage*

Nanoparticles: Novel Approach to Mitigate Environmental Pollutants

*by Sushil Kumar Singh, Sakshi Singh, Ashutosh Singh Gautam, Virendra Kumar, Ravish Singh Rajput and Manish Singh Rajput*

*by Abubakar Lawal and Lukman Bola Abdul'rauf*

*by Emoke Dalma Kovacs and Melinda-Haydee Kovacs*

and Identification of Organic Mixtures *by Asmae Bouziani and Mohamed Yahya*

*by Selvanayaki Krishnasamy, Ramkumar Lakshmanan* 

Sustainable Textile Processing by Enzyme Applications

*by Raquel Guimarães Benevides, Sandra Aparecida de Assis,* 

*by Shekh Md. Mamun Kabir and Joonseok Koh*

*and Larissa Emanuelle da Silva Almeida*

An *In-Situ* Soil Conservation

*and Mythili Ravichandran*

Metabolism *by Ju-Chen Chia*

Bagasse

Contribution

**Section 4**


Preface

Agricultural activities are fundamental for producing food around the world, but they are also major contributors to environmental pollution. They contaminate soil, water, and air matrices through the release of organic and inorganic pollutants. Pesticides (e.g., herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides), heavy metals, and antibiotics are among the most used pollutants in agriculture. Pesticides are potentially harmful substances due to their persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation in the environment. Many of these molecules can contaminate groundwater, mainly due to the lack of efficient treatment methods to reduce their concentration in water resources. However, it is important to point out that extensive industrial activity also contaminates the environment.

In contact with the environment, organic and inorganic pollutants are subject to physical and chemical processes that regulate their behavior and fate. Some molecules accumulate on the surface and subsurface of the soil, with direct consequences on microorganisms and mainly autotrophic organisms, including many plant species. Other molecules can reach waterways. Moreover, one must also consider the airborne displacement of herbicide molecules enhanced by physicochemical characteristics, unfavorable weather conditions, and inadequate application technology. Toxicity and persistence make pesticides a serious environmental concern, making it necessary to introduce additional technologies to adequately remove these compounds from the

In view of this, and of the potential impact that these molecules can have when present in the environment, new techniques to remediate the presence of chemical molecules in the environmental matrix have been presented as efficient alternatives for the reduction of contamination and pollution caused by these molecules and their metabolites, as biotic and abiotic processes. The bioremediation of soils contaminated by organic and inorganic pollutants consists of reducing the levels of contaminants to levels that are safe and compatible with the protection of human health, either by preventing or hindering

This book presents a clear overview of the applications of different technologies for bioremediation of organic and inorganic pollutants that will help improve human life

**Kassio Ferreira Mendes and Kamila Cabral Mielke**

Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa,

**Rodrigo Nogueira de Sousa** Department of Soil Science, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil

Viçosa, Brazil

the spread of harmful substances to the environment.

environment.

and ecosystems.
