**11. Conclusion**

In Quantum Information Science **the physical approach** to 'Information' is found to be most appropriate approach in explaining our understanding of the consequences of representing and processing *information quantum mechanically*. Quantum Information Science is reinforced by its three pillars viz. 'Qubit', 'Superposition' and 'entanglement' and their practical and technological applications. It is facilitated by the insights of the physical properties of nature of microscopic systems at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles.

Surprisingly the physical approach to Quantum Information Science is equally significant and apt in dealing with "consciousness," "freewill" and "bioinformatics." Penrose and his collaborator, Stuart Hameroff, maintained that human intelligence is far more subtle than 'artificial intelligence' and suggested a biological analog to quantum computation involving microtubules. In neurons, microtubules (which inhabit in neurons in the brain) help control the strength of synaptic connections. In the Penrose-Hameroff theory of Orchestrated Objective Reduction, known as Orch-OR, the moments of conscious awareness are orchestrated by the microtubules in our brains, which, they believe, have the capacity to store and process information and memory. Orch OR Model and biological theories of mind are important in the area known as "bioinformatics."
