Preface

Quantum information is one of the most active and rapidly advancing areas of physics. Developments in this field have a dual character. On one hand, exploring the information transmission and processing capabilities allowed by the basic laws of quantum physics may lead to new and revolutionary quantum information technologies. On the other hand, understanding the information-theoretical aspects of physical systems and processes contributes to a deeper understanding of physics itself. Due to these complementary facets, quantum information constitutes a rich and fertile field attracting a wide spectrum of researchers, ranging from engineering-motivated technologists interested in practical innovations to philosophically inclined theoreticians interested in foundational issues. The chapters in this book constitute a stimulating sample of the different aspects of quantum information science. Contributions by experts discuss a variety of topics, including investigations dealing with the implementation of quantum technologies and works exploring fundamental problems at the very frontiers of contemporary physics.

The introductory chapter emphasizes some features from a historical perspective on the physics of information and quantum mechanics. After this discussion, several additional chapters cover topics related to recent advances in the modeling and application of quantum information science.

In Chapter 2, Prof. 't Hooft proposes a new theoretical explanation for quantum physics based on classical and deterministic models.

In Chapter 3, Prof. Majumdar formulates nested multilevel entanglement and discusses it in Matryoshka states.

In Chapter 4, Prof. Gupta presents some foundational issues in quantum information science, dividing his discussion into three parts.

In Chapter 5, Prof. Lacalle addresses the challenge of making quantum computing a reality, discusses the control of quantum errors, and presents a road map to quantum computing.

In Chapter 6, Profs. Duplij and Vogl propose a concept of quantum computing that incorporates a kind of uncertainty, the vagueness, introducing obscure qudits, which are simultaneously characterized by a quantum probability and a membership function.

In Chapter 7, Prof. Raghavan pays attention to a looming threat over current methods of data encryption through advances in quantum computation; due to this, physically assured privacy is provably secure only in theory and not in practice. The author includes a brief overview (not a review) of device independence and the conceptual and practical difficulties.

Finally, in Chapter 8, Prof. Baker demonstrates that several anomalies seen in data from high-energy physics experiments have their origin in quantum entanglement and quantum information science more generally.

**Sergio Curilef**

Departamento de Física, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
