**5.1 Biomaterials and nanophotonics**

Material engineers found biological structures to be a fertile ground, allowing for the creation of innovative nanotechnologies for a broad range of applications. Bioprocesses generate nearly flawless nanostructures that are biodegradable and can be used for efficient solar energy harvesting, filtering, high-density data storage, low-threshold lasing, and optical switching. For a wide range of photonic features, both active and passive nanophotonics systems can be employed in a wide range of biomaterials [6]. The four types of biomaterials are as follows;

