**4. Results and discussions**

## **4.1 X-ray diffraction (XRD)**

XRD spectrum of Ag NPs confirms the crystalline nature in **Figure 2**. Diffraction patterns of silver nanoparticles at 38.1°, 43.9°, 64.6° and 77.3° and corresponding the planes (111), (200), (220) and (311) are compared with standard spectrum [37]. Which showed the silver nanoparticles are having FCC formation. The diffraction reflection at (111) is sharp and high intensity as compared to the planes at (200),

**Figure 2.** *X-ray diffraction spectrum of silver nanoparticles.*

(220), and (311). It demonstrates that silver nanocrystals were oriented along the (111) plane. The unassigned reflections at marked with #, 27.7° and 32.2° were related to the biological phase appearing on the silver nanoparticles'surface. Therefore, these results indicate that the silver nanoparticles were formed. Both the TEM results and XRD results are in good agreement.
