**5. Evaluation of the freeze/thaw deterioration**

There are many test methods by which the internal damage and surface scaling of concrete can be evaluated. ASTM C 666 [19] and ASTM C 672 [20] are the typical tests by which the internal damage of the concrete specimen and the scaling of the specimen surface in the presence of de-icer salts can be assessed prospectively. However, numerous national freeze/thaw tests resemble the previous direct tests performed by using actual freezing and thawing loads. In the following two sections the used procedure for testing the internal frost damage and surface scaling test is explained.
