**2. Geo-dependency of the concrete material**

Concrete is composed of local raw materials. This characteristic is one of the explanatory factors of the massive use of concrete in the construction industry. However, this geo-dependency means that the specific types of cement used, the aggregates and the water influence the final behaviour of the concrete.

The aggregates represent between 70% and 80% of the volume of concrete and almost 90% of the total concrete weight. Therefore, the shape, surface roughness and mineralogical type of the aggregate plays a relevant role in defining the thermal and mechanical properties of the concrete [26].

Similarly, the composition of the cement and the fineness with which it is ground in its manufacture have significant effects on the concrete behaviour. For instance, in the heat of hydration, which can have effects on the durability and service life of concrete structures [27, 28].

Furthermore, the performance of concrete in service is also influenced by conditions of the site environment such as levels of chlorides, sulphates, humidity, pH, CO2 and thermal amplitude.

Hence, the concrete is a geo-dependent material because its functional performance is determined by the raw materials used in its manufacture and the local construction conditions. In this way, concrete mixes produced in two different regions of the planet are different, even though they can have the same strength.

Geo-dependence is also crucial when dealing with waste materials incorporated in concrete, especially because these alternative solutions must be practical and feasible to implement in order to effectively reuse the waste [29]. Therefore, they must be feasible not only from a technical point of view, but from an economic perspective, as well, including all associated costs.

In effect, if the final purpose is to efficiently reuse waste by incorporating it into concrete, geo-dependency leads to an evaluation of the performance of these solutions according to the local context. In this way, the results obtained contribute to the optimal use of waste and then to sustainable development, which can be adopted in other regions as well. For instance, regions with similarities, that can be in the type of cement composition, cement substitute materials and/or characteristics of the aggregates.
