**4. Patent infringement**

Patent infringement is the wrongful act committed by the infringer with respect to the exclusive rights granted to a patent holder for a patented invention. The definition of patent infringement may vary by jurisdiction, but it typically includes using for commercial gain or selling the patented invention.

**Myth**: If X is granted a patent, then he can claim damages against an infringer anywhere across the world.

**Fact**: Patents are territorial (they are effective in the country where they are granted only) and infringement is only possible in a country where a patent is in force. For example, if a patent is granted in the United States, then anyone in the United States is prohibited from making, using, selling or importing the patented item, while people in other countries may be free to exploit the patented invention in their country.

**Myth**: X can claim damages for patent infringement for a pending application. **Fact**: X can claim damages for such patent infringement only after the grant of such patent.
