**6. Biopiracy**

'Biopiracy' is an emergent term used to name illegal or improper appropriation of traditional knowledge and biological materials the fight against biopiracy, the preservation of biodiversity and the need for sustainable practices hence constitute one of the major challenges for the twenty-first century [30, 32]. "Natural" space of India is described through its biodiversity; a biodiversity which can be appreciated but also exploited. Bioprospecting turns into biopiracy. Vandana Shiva interpreted that, biopiracy is a phenomenon of claiming property rights to biodiversity and its products through intellectual property rights regimes and patents based on indigenous and traditional knowledge [41].

#### **6.1 Categories of biopiracy**

#### *6.1.1 Patent-based biopiracy*

The patenting of (often spurious) inventions based on biological resources and/or traditional knowledge that are extracted without adequate authorization *Intellectual Property Rights: Bioprospecting, Biopiracy and Protection of Traditional Knowledge… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99596*

and benefit sharing from other (usually developing) countries, indigenous or local communities [42].
