*4.2.1 Direct infringement*

Direct infringement id determined in terms of producing, utilizing, selling (or attempting to sell), or importing a protected idea or invention without obtaining authorization from the rightful owner of such patent.

Case law of direct infringement: LabCorp v. Metabolite, Inc. [8]: In 1999, Metabolite took legal action against LabCorp for infringement of a patent covering a diagnostic test. The claims of Metabolite's patent include the correlation between levels of homocysteine and vitamins B6 and B12. A jury ordered LabCorp to pay \$4.7 million in damages and the choice was upheld by a federal court, which further stated that doctors were *'directly infringing' Metabolite's patents each time such a test is ordered and interpreted.'*
