Meet the editors

Dr. Chandra Shakher Pathak received his Ph.D. in Physics from the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India. He obtained an MSc in Physics from Kumaun University Nainital, Uttarakhand, and an MTech (Gold medalist) in Advanced Materials Science and Technology from the National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India. His research work focuses on nanomaterials, thin-film growth, characterization, and photovoltaics. He has

worked on nanomaterials, organic-inorganic heterojunctions, Schottky diodes, 2D materials, and photovoltaics. Currently, Dr. Pathak is working on the fabrication and stability of perovskite solar cells.

Samir Kumar received his Ph.D. in Physics from the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India, in 2017. After a three-anda-half-year postdoctoral fellowship at Kyoto University, Japan, he is currently a research professor at the Nano Bio-Photonics Lab, Korea University. Dr. Kumar has been actively involved in research on novel sculptured thin films for plasmonics, surface-enhanced spectroscopy, photocatalysis, water-repellent surfaces,

and biological/chemical sensing applications. Currently, his research interests include the design, fabrication, and characterization of nano- and microelectromechanical systems for sensor and actuator applications.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Preface XI**

Atomic Force Microscopy and Its Advanced Applications **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 17**

**Chapter 3 33**

**Chapter 4 61**

Raman Spectroscopy and Its Applications **75**

**Chapter 5 77**

**Chapter 6 103**

**Chapter 7 115**

Application of Atomic Force Microscopy in Organic

Nanomaterials Characterisation through Magnetic Field

Diffraction Grating Groove Metrology Using AFM & STM

Atomic Force Microscopy Reveals the Role of Vascular Smooth

Resonance Raman Spectroscopy Investigation of the Interaction

*by Marco Coïsson, Gabriele Barrera, Federica Celegato* 

Muscle Cell Elasticity in Hypertension

High-Wavenumber Raman Analysis

Deep Learning Approach for Raman Spectroscopy *by M.H. Wathsala N. Jinadasa, Amila C. Kahawalage, Maths Halstensen, Nils-Olav Skeie and Klaus-Joachim Jens*

of Molecules Adsorbed on Solid Acid Surfaces

and Perovskite Photovoltaics *by Chandra Shakher Pathak*

Dependent AFM

*and Paola Tiberto*

*by Leonid I. Goray*

*by Yi Zhu*

**Section 2**

*by Shan Yang*

*by Lucia Kiyomi Noda*

## Contents



Preface

This book covers recent developments in atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. AFM is a widely used technique in air, liquids, or vacuum to produce high-resolution topographic images of a surface with nanometer-scale resolution. AFM provides information on morphology and phase composition. Advances in AFM modes enable its application in various research areas such as photovoltaics, 2D materials, nanomaterials, and more. Raman spectroscopy is a widely used technique for the identification of organic and inorganic chemical substances. Over the last century, significant advances in lasers, spectrometers, detectors, and holographic optical components have made Raman spectroscopy a useful tool for various applications, including basic chemical and materials research, medical diagnostics, life sciences, and in situ process monitoring.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of advanced methods in AFM such as Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), conducting atomic force microscopy (CAFM), magnetic force microscopy (MFM), AFM nanoindentation and its various applications, as well as advances in Raman spectroscopy, from advanced topics such as the deep learning approach to Raman spectroscopy to fundamental

This book is divided into three sections. The first section presents an introduction to AFM and its various advanced characterization techniques, such as CAFM, KPFM,

The second section contains a detailed introduction to Raman spectroscopy and its

The third section discusses the application of Raman spectroscopy in low-dimensional

We thank all the authors for their contributions and patience in editing the book. We also thank Author Service Manager Mia Vulovic and IntechOpen for allowing us

**Chandra Shakher Pathak**

Sejong, Republic of Korea

Israel

**Samir Kumar** Korea University,

Ben-Gurion University of the Negev,

nanostructures such as 2D materials and carbon nanotubes (CNTs).

MFM, and other basic techniques and their applications.

various applications in different fields.

to edit this fascinating book project.

applications.
