**4. Conclusion**

Among the noteworthy observations of *γ* – oryzanol were the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory action, decrease in brain mitochondrial ATPase, increase in mean synaptophysin count, and decrease in astroglial cell in an *in-vitro* Alzheimer study. Another significant discovery was AMPK/ GSK3*β*/Nrf2 and NF*κ*B modulated hepatoprotection in APAP induced liver injury. *γ* – oryzanol promoted nuclear translocation of Nrf-2, increasing its expression modulated AMPK/GSK3*β* axis, suppressed nuclear translocation of NFκB p65 subunit, down regulating expression of iNOS and COX-2. The same experiment also proved limiting action on TNF-α, IL-I*β*, IL-6, nitric oxide. Though, above mechanisms have been established there are few bioactivities where the exact mechanisms of action are yet to be confirmed. Therefore, further exhaustive research is required to unveil the mechanisms and to explore the utility of *γ* – oryzanol in other disease states.

From the bulk of information related to the nutritional value and diverse therapeutic potentials of gamma-oryzanol, it is concluded that this optimistic molecule can be recognized as a nutraceutical and utilized in the management of various diseases. However, the beneficial role of gamma-oryzanol in certain conditions is not fully understood, necessitating further exhaustive studies to establish the mechanism of action.
