**6. Precautions and control measures globally taken by governmental authorities against COVID-19 outbreak**

Several countries around the world have adopted precautionary and control measures (either registered COVID-19 cases centuries or not). These listed actions below, as examples, have been taken to avoid the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 to the countries or to limit the spread of the virus:


In this section, we will shed some light on the mass vaccination approach and logistics needed to implement such a program. In addition, its promising effects could end the pandemic of COVID-19 will be discussed. Mass vaccination during COVID-19 outbreaks or pandemics, against which (AstraZeneca, Moderna, BioNTech and Sputink V) vaccines are recently marketed, is a possible crucial public health intervention. The mass vaccination policy, as previously reported, was an important countermeasure against many infectious diseases, such as polio and smallpox [69]. Mass vaccination against COVID-19 is therefore an urgent option for the current emergency and rapidly spreading SARS-CoV-2, eventually might leading to herd immunity induction. The program is started with selection of the most susceptible groups of population such as immunocompromised patients due to underlying medical conditions and elderly people etc. [70].

In term of logistics, implementing this program requires huge mental and physical efforts starting with vaccine and locations availability, vaccinators and the unique roles and responsibilities taken by both private and public sectors partnership [71]. On one hand, the private sector must warrant compliance with CDC guidance and follow cold-chain management rules to ensure inoculation feasibility upon arrival, storage, and delivery [71]. On the other hand, the public sector ensures cold-chain management and CDC guidance too; in addition, to fill the gaps in delivery service particularly to those who live in nursing homes, assisted living facilities, etc. Furthermore, a facility is a place where clinical staff stay and need vaccine and consultation services to complete logistical requirements. Collectively, the public health sector in support to the private sector entity provide consultation, vaccinator training, and pandemic protocol guidance [71].

In fact, vaccine requests are more than certain to consume the resources available and necessitate the marshaling of resources to meet need. COVID-19 vaccine clinics, for example, include not only usual walk-through clinic sites at doctor's offices, pharmacies, departments of public health and big box stores, but also college campuses, worship houses, drive-through, public centers, and outdoor camps [71].

*Whole Genome Sequencing: A Powerful Tool for Understanding the Diversity of Genotypes… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96260*
