**3.4 COVID-19 and associated factor**

DEL had been viewed as one of the focal points for Covid in India (https://indianexpress.com/article/india) and to comprehend the quick expansion in COVID-19 cases, it was important to comprehend the marvel and capable elements for its spreading. The aftereffects of 2-tailed Bivariate Pearson Correlation over DEL for the period 1 April 2020 to 15 May 2020 has been talked about here.

In light of 45 days information for period first April 2020 to fifteenth April 2020, it very well may be seen the normal TC, AC, RC, DC as 3003 ± 2393, 2137 ± 1514, 821 ± 877, 44 ± 28 individually. During this period the mean centralization of PM 1.0, PM 2.5 and PM10 has been seen as 31.42 μg-m−3, 46.36 μg-m−3 and 50.78 μg-m−3, separately. Be that as it may, normal T (°C) and RH (%) were 34.720C and 27.86% individually. The Pearson connection results (**Table 2**) over DEL uncovered the impressive relationship of T (°C) with TC (0.57, p = 0), AC (0.59, p = 0), RC (0.51, p = 0) and DC (0.58, p = 0) identified with COVID-19 and unmistakably demonstrates the expansion altogether and dynamic COVID-19 cases because of height of T (°C).

Because of inaccessibility of the information identified with different highlights that add to influence the pace of spread of COVID-19 disease inside a DEL area, the investigation does not bring up towards temperature as a solitary one factor answerable for the transmission of COVID-19. As the increment in the T (°C) over DEL during the period of April and May is likewise related to the occasional climate wonder, so it is hard to proclaim the precise relationship of T (°C) with the TC.


*\*showing that correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).*

#### **Table 2.**

*Two-tailed bivariate Pearson correlation among Total cases (TC), active case (AC), recovered case (RC), PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10, temp, and RH over DEL.*

The significant finding identified with the commendable certain connection (0.51, p = 0) of T (°C) and RC has been noticed yet likelihood of a critical expansion in RC with temperature alone is not sensible to come at some resolution.

There is a connection between RH (%) and the COVID-19 infection perseverance. Most infections endure best at low RH (<40%) and amazingly high RH (>90%). However, the connection between the endurance of COVID-19 infection and relative dampness should be elucidated. Here, the RH (%) shows minimal relationship with TC (0.28, p = 0.06), AC (0.25, p = 0.10), and DC (0.26, p = 0.08) and moderate connection with RC (0.33, p = 0.03). Such great connection of RH (%) with RC recommends the slight positive impact of RH on RC. The lower dampness upholds the mist concentrates molecule to decrease its size to remain suspended in air for longer time. As in the current month (April to May 2020) the mean RH (%) is lower (27.86%) and the disease spread might be because of the suspended mist concentrates molecule. In the event of COVID-19 infection scattering, these suspended vaporizers particles may assume a significant part in the transmission of infection starting with one then onto the next yet dependent upon some insufficient distance. To keep away from this disease, Government of India, pronounced the rules to keep up the social removing too least of 1 meter distance with someone else which was useful to stay away from the conceivable outcomes of contamination and enormous expansion in the quantity of TC (0.28, p = 0.06). The expansion of RH (%) with the presence of beads in the air supports to the substantial pressurized canned products particles to settle down on the ground surface. Thus, for this situation, when the contaminated individual, hack or sniffle around there, the mist concentrates drops because of its substantialness begins to settle down on a superficial level and further add to send the COVID-19 infection through the surface contact.

Some of prior examinations tracked down the critical job of T (°C) and RH (%) liable for the spread of numerous respiratory irresistible infections like flu [28, 29]. As claimed in the study [19], the urban areas with the common transmission of COVID-19 infection were high RH of 60% ~ 90% and low T (°C). To analyze the impact of the grouping of particulate poisons on all out number of COVID-19 cases, the spatio-transient investigation (**Figure 7**) was finished. It was tracked down the 154 number of affirmed instances of COVID-19 on dated 1 April 2020 which compares to the particulate mass centralization of 21.96 μg-m−3 (PM1.0), 34.69 μg-m−3 (PM2.5) and 39.04 μg-m−3 (PM10). Following 43 days (15th May 2020), the instances of COVID-19 in DEL came to up to a greatest number of 8470 with the increment of 98.02% and in the comparable example the PM fixation additionally quickly expanded by 48% (PM1.0), 40.47% (PM2.5) and 38.02% (PM10).

The increment in the quantity of COVID-19 cases with the expansion of particulate matter mass fixation over DEL recommend the impact of fine and coarse mode particulate matter on TC. The impact of variable sizes of PM on TC, AC, RC and DC were shown utilizing the Pearson connection (r) and Sig. 2-i.e. p-value.

The PM of different size i.e. PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10 demonstrated the correlation (r) with TC, AC, RC and DC (**Table 2**). The PM1.0 has the moderate correlation with TC (0.34, p value = 0.02), AC (0.33, p value = 0.02), RC (0.36, p value = 0.01) and DC (0.32, p value = 0.02) whereas PM2.5 and PM10 were least correlation value (r) with TC, AC, RC and DC as 0.21 (p value = 0.15), 0.19 (p value = 0.19), 0.23 (p value = 0.12), 0.19 (p value = 0.19) and 0.16 (p value = 0.29), 0.14 (p value = 0.23), 0.18 (p value = 0.23) and 0.13 (p value = 0.36), respectively. Our studies indicate that PM1.0is relatively more associated with the various stages of COVID-19 patients i.e. TC, AC, RC and DC as compare to 2.5 and PM10. These observations propose that, while direct COVID-19 contamination is fundamental track of transmission, the part of PM1.0 in infection transmission may play a critical character. The RH (%) was related with the PM by meaning the relationship (r) as follows for

*Consequence of Meteorological Parameters on the Transmission of Covid-19 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98978*

#### **Figure 7.**

*Spatio-temporal observation between fine (PM1.0, PM2.5) and coarse (PM10) particulate pollutants and TC of COVID-19.*

example 0.09 (PM1.0), 0.05 (PM2.5) and 0.03 (PM10). Likewise the Sig. (2-followed) for example p upsides of 0.54, 0.69 and 0.84 identified with PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10 individually, exhibit the incredibly less impact of RH (%) on PM over DEL during the investigation time frame.

#### **4. Conclusion**

From last decade, numerous steps were taken by Delhi administration to tackle the pollution problem in distinct vicinities with main focus on air contamination over Delhi – NCR region. However, a pandemic (COVID - 19) forced to shut down all impurity sources in the form of transportation and industrial practices over this region.

The section supports the impact of lockdown over Delhi and Gurgaon on the particulate issue. It was the endeavors to exhibit the impacts of meteorological factors in COVID-19 in DEL. It was noticed the unmistakable impact of lockdown which show the decay of 67.31%, 70.29% and 71.66% more than Delhi and 48.21%, 51.82% and 52.45% over Gurgaon, in PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10, separately. It was noticed that the Particulate Matter, Temperature and Relative Humidity (RH %) legitimize exceptional consideration. Relative humidity (RH %) was found as a considerable boundary that showed the huge connection with COVID 19 recuperated cases. For the investigation time frame chosen, the COVID-19 recuperated case in Delhi was seen to be supported by lower mean relative moistness (27.86°C) that was approved through the moderate relationship of 0.33 (p value = 0.03) with Recovered case. Such connection validate the impact of relative humidity (RH %) on COVID-19 recuperated cases. In light of double character of RH (%) on the scattering of COVID-19 infection, it was anticipated the expansion in the number COVID-19 cases in July and August through the surface transmission. However, it is essential to conduct an extensive study with long-term data, which might enhance the understanding between meteorological conditions and the COVID-19 transmissibility.
