**Author details**

Pedro Pimentel1 \*, André Oliveira<sup>2</sup> , Gualter Couto1 , João Crispim Ponte2 and Rui Castanho3,4,5,6

1 School of Business and Economics, University of the Azores and CEEAplA, Ponta Delgada, Portugal

2 Fundo de Maneio, Ponta Delgada, Portugal

3 Faculty of Applied Sciences, WSB University in Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland

4 VALORIZA - Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Portalegre, Portugal

5 CITUR - Madeira - Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation, Funchal-Madeira, Portugal

6 CNPQ Research Group Aquageo Ambiente Legal, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil

\*Address all correspondence to: pedro.ms.pimentel@uac.pt

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**75**

*The Azores Archipelago as a Region with Vast Potential for the Development of Adventure…*

[9] Ponte J, Couto G, Pimentel P, Oliveira A, De Maneio PDF. Tourism activities and companies in a sustainable

adventure tourism destination: The Azores. Tour. Manag. Stud.

[11] Castanho RA, Couto G, Pimentel P, Carvalho C, Sousa A. Territorial management and

[12] Azores Green Mark (2020) Formation and Main Eruptions. Available at: https://www. azoresgreenmark.com/acores/

formation/ (Acceded at September 17,

saintproject.eu/. (Acceded at December

[15] Lousada, S., and Castanho, R.A. (2020). Cooperation Strategies Towards Sustainability in Insular Territories: A Comparison Study Between Porto Santo Island, Madeira Archipelago, Portugal and El Hierro Island, Canary Archipelago, Spain. Chapter in the book:

[13] SAINT Project (2019). SAINT Project. Available at: https://

[14] Naranjo Gómez JM, Lousada S, Garrido Velarde J, Castanho RA, Loures L. Land use changes in the canary archipelago using the CORINE data: A retrospective analysis. Land. 2020;**2020**(9):232. DOI:

10.3390/land9070232

10.3390/su12156059

2020).

15, 2019)

[10] Couto G, Castanho RA, Sousa A, Pimentel P, Santos C, Carvalho C. The impacts of COVID-19 crisis over the tourism expectations of the Azores archipelago residents. Sustainability. 2020;**2020, 12**:7612. DOI: 10.3390/

governance, regional public policies and their relationship with tourism. A case study of the Azores autonomous region. Sustainability. 2020;**2020, 12**:6059. DOI:

2018;**14**:25-38

su12187612

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94411*

[1] *AM Reports, Volume Nine – Global Report on Adventure Tourism*, UNWTO, Madrid, UNWTO (2014)available at

[2] Buckley R. Adventure tourism research: A guide to the literature. Tourism Recreation Research.

[3] Buckley R. Adventure tourism products: Price, duration, size, skill, remoteness. Tourism Management.

[4] Varley P, Semple T. Nordic slow adventure: Explorations in time and nature. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism.

[5] Varley P, Farkic J, Carnicelli S. Hospitality in wild places. Hospitality &

[6] Couto, G., Pimentel, P., Ponte, J., Oliveira, A., Gonçalves, P. Arruda, A., and Oliveira, B. (2020). Adventure Tourism in the Azores. Ed. Centro de Estudos de Economia Aplicada do Atlântico (CEEplA). ISBN:

[7] Castanho, R.A., Couto, G., and Pimentel (2020). Principles of Sustainable Tourism and Cultural Management in Rural and Ultraperipheral Territories: Extracting Guidelines for its application in the Azores Archipelago. Cultural Management: Science and Education (CMSE) ISSN: 2512-6962 DOI:

**References**

https://bit.ly/2HxnY3z.

2006;**31**(2):75-83

2007;**28**(6):1428-1433

2015;**15**(1-2):73-90

Society. 2018;**8**(2)

978-989-8870-27-8

10.30819/cmse.4-1.01

[8] Castanho RA, Behradfar A,

transportation sustainability in the Canary Islands archipelago. Infrastructures. 2020;**2020, 5**:58. DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures5070058

Vulevic A, Naranjo Gómez J. Analyzing

*The Azores Archipelago as a Region with Vast Potential for the Development of Adventure… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94411*

### **References**

*Peripheral Territories, Tourism, and Regional Development*

\*, André Oliveira<sup>2</sup>

2 Fundo de Maneio, Ponta Delgada, Portugal

, Gualter Couto1

1 School of Business and Economics, University of the Azores and CEEAplA,

3 Faculty of Applied Sciences, WSB University in Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland

4 VALORIZA - Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Portalegre,

5 CITUR - Madeira - Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation,

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

6 CNPQ Research Group Aquageo Ambiente Legal, University of Campinas

\*Address all correspondence to: pedro.ms.pimentel@uac.pt

, João Crispim Ponte2

**74**

**Author details**

Pedro Pimentel1

Portugal

and Rui Castanho3,4,5,6

Ponta Delgada, Portugal

Funchal-Madeira, Portugal

(UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil

provided the original work is properly cited.

[1] *AM Reports, Volume Nine – Global Report on Adventure Tourism*, UNWTO, Madrid, UNWTO (2014)available at https://bit.ly/2HxnY3z.

[2] Buckley R. Adventure tourism research: A guide to the literature. Tourism Recreation Research. 2006;**31**(2):75-83

[3] Buckley R. Adventure tourism products: Price, duration, size, skill, remoteness. Tourism Management. 2007;**28**(6):1428-1433

[4] Varley P, Semple T. Nordic slow adventure: Explorations in time and nature. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. 2015;**15**(1-2):73-90

[5] Varley P, Farkic J, Carnicelli S. Hospitality in wild places. Hospitality & Society. 2018;**8**(2)

[6] Couto, G., Pimentel, P., Ponte, J., Oliveira, A., Gonçalves, P. Arruda, A., and Oliveira, B. (2020). Adventure Tourism in the Azores. Ed. Centro de Estudos de Economia Aplicada do Atlântico (CEEplA). ISBN: 978-989-8870-27-8

[7] Castanho, R.A., Couto, G., and Pimentel (2020). Principles of Sustainable Tourism and Cultural Management in Rural and Ultraperipheral Territories: Extracting Guidelines for its application in the Azores Archipelago. Cultural Management: Science and Education (CMSE) ISSN: 2512-6962 DOI: 10.30819/cmse.4-1.01

[8] Castanho RA, Behradfar A, Vulevic A, Naranjo Gómez J. Analyzing transportation sustainability in the Canary Islands archipelago. Infrastructures. 2020;**2020, 5**:58. DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures5070058

[9] Ponte J, Couto G, Pimentel P, Oliveira A, De Maneio PDF. Tourism activities and companies in a sustainable adventure tourism destination: The Azores. Tour. Manag. Stud. 2018;**14**:25-38

[10] Couto G, Castanho RA, Sousa A, Pimentel P, Santos C, Carvalho C. The impacts of COVID-19 crisis over the tourism expectations of the Azores archipelago residents. Sustainability. 2020;**2020, 12**:7612. DOI: 10.3390/ su12187612

[11] Castanho RA, Couto G, Pimentel P, Carvalho C, Sousa A. Territorial management and governance, regional public policies and their relationship with tourism. A case study of the Azores autonomous region. Sustainability. 2020;**2020, 12**:6059. DOI: 10.3390/su12156059

[12] Azores Green Mark (2020) Formation and Main Eruptions. Available at: https://www. azoresgreenmark.com/acores/ formation/ (Acceded at September 17, 2020).

[13] SAINT Project (2019). SAINT Project. Available at: https:// saintproject.eu/. (Acceded at December 15, 2019)

[14] Naranjo Gómez JM, Lousada S, Garrido Velarde J, Castanho RA, Loures L. Land use changes in the canary archipelago using the CORINE data: A retrospective analysis. Land. 2020;**2020**(9):232. DOI: 10.3390/land9070232

[15] Lousada, S., and Castanho, R.A. (2020). Cooperation Strategies Towards Sustainability in Insular Territories: A Comparison Study Between Porto Santo Island, Madeira Archipelago, Portugal and El Hierro Island, Canary Archipelago, Spain. Chapter in the book: Strategies for Sustainable Development. Editor of the Book. IGI GLOBAL Pp 216-238. ISBN13: 9781799825135. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-2513-5.ch012

[16] Lousada S, Silva P, Castanho RA, Naranjo Gómez J. Modelação de sistemas de abastecimento de água. O caso de Ilha da MadeIra. Modelling water system supplies. The case of Madeira island. Bitacora Urbano Territorial. 2019;**29**(2):89-98. DOI: 10.15446/ bitacora.v29n2.69381

[17] Castanho, R.A., Lousada, S., Naranjo Gómez, J.M., Escórcio, P., Cabezas, J. Fernández-Pozo, L. and Loures, L. (2018). Dynamics of the Land Use Changes and the Associated Barriers and Opportunities for Sustainable Development on Peripheral and Insular Territories: The Madeira Island (Portugal) [Working Title], IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.80827. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/ online-first/dynamics-of-the-land-usechanges-and-the-associated-barriersand-opportunities-for-sustainable-devel

[18] Lousada S, Escórcio P, Castanho R, Loures L, Naranjo Gómez JM, Fernández-Pozo L, et al. A multi-variated analysis on ultraperipheral territories. A case study approach: Sustainability indicators proposal for Madeira Island. Chapter in the book: PLANEAMIENTO SECTORIAL: RECURSOS HÍDRICOS, ESPACIO RURAL Y FRONTERAS. Ed. Thomson Reuteurs Aranzadi. Pp. In: 293-303 ISBN 978-84-1309-065-8. 2018

[19] Castanho, R.A., Lousada, S, and Camacho, R. (2018). Modelling Torrential Rain Flows in Urban Territories: Floods. The Case Study of Madeira Island. 25th APDR CONGRESS. FCHS, Lisbon-Portugal. July 5-6. Circular Economy, Urban Metabolism and Regional Development: Challenges for a Sustainable Future. Faculty of

Social Sciences and Humans (FCSH) da University NOVA – Lisbon. Proceedings Book. ISBN 978-989-8780-06-5. pp. 263-267. pp. 378-388.

[20] Gonçalves R, Camacho R, Lousada S, Castanho R. Modeling of maritime agitation for the design of maritime infrastructures: The case study of madeira archipelago. Revista Brasileira de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento, Curitiba. 2018;**7**(1):29-50. DOI: 10.3895/rbpd. v7n1.7136

[21] Couto G, Pimentel P, Ponte J. Tourism development potential in an insular territory: The case of Ribeira Grande in the Azores. Journal of Tourism Research & Hospitality. 2017;**6**(2)

[22] Vieira J, Couto G, Pimentel P, Menezes A, Moniz A, Sousa F. The satisfaction of the Nordic tourist with the Azores as a destination. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. 2014;**13**(1):58-72

[23] SREA. Estatísticas do Turismo janeiro a dezembro de 2010. Açores: Serviço Regional de Estatística dos Açores; 2011 available at https://bit. ly/2HvmeYD

[24] SREA. Estatísticas do Turismo Janeiro a Dezembro de 2011. Açores: Serviço Regional de Estatística dos Açores; 2012 available at https://bit. ly/2HvmeYD

[25] SREA. Estatísticas do Turismo janeiro a dezembro de 2012. Açores: Serviço Regional de Estatística dos Açores; 2013 available at https://bit. ly/2HvmeYD

[26] SREA. Estatísticas do Turismo janeiro a dezembro de 2013. Açores: Serviço Regional de Estatística dos Açores; 2014 available at https://bit. ly/2HvmeYD

**77**

ly/2vxcsjW

September 17, 2020).

*The Azores Archipelago as a Region with Vast Potential for the Development of Adventure…*

[35] Castanho RA, Vulevic A, Naranjo Gómez J, Cabezas J, Fernández-Pozo L, Loures L, et al. Assessing the impact of marketing and advertising as strategic approaches to Eurocities development: An Iberian case study approach. European Journal of International Management. 2019 ISSN: 1751-6765

[36] Vulevic A, Djordjevic D,

04843\_19. 2019

Castanho RA, Cabezas-Fernandez J. Social marketing and their related challenges for the limited access for people living with a disability: A Serbian case study. Chapter in book: Case studies on social marketing. Ed. springer. In: 10.1007/978-3-030-

[37] Vulevic, A., Castanho, R.A., Gómez-Naranjo, J., Cabezas, J. and Fernández-Pozo, L. (2017). Transport Accessibility to Achieve Sustainable Development. Principles for its

ISBN: 978-84-697-5643-0.

Application in CBC Projects: The Euro-City Elvas-Badajoz. Proceedings Book - 16th Congress on Public and Nonprofit Marketing (IAPNM). Conference Proceedings First Ed. 2017. Badajoz.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94411*

[27] SREA. Estatísticas do Turismo janeiro a dezembro de 2014. Açores: Serviço Regional de Estatística dos Açores; 2015 available at https://bit.

[28] SREA. Estatísticas do Turismo Janeiro a Dezembro de 2015. Açores: Serviço Regional de Estatística dos Açores; 2016 available at https://bit.

[29] SREA. Estatísticas do Turismo janeiro a dezembro de 2016. Açores: Serviço Regional de Estatística dos Açores; 2017 available at https://bit.

[30] SREA. Estatísticas do Turismo janeiro a dezembro de 2017. Açores: Serviço Regional de Estatística dos Açores; 2018 available at https://bit.

[31] Instituto de Planeamento e Desenvolvimento do Turismo IPDT–. Plano Estratégico e Marketing do Turismo dos Açores. Governo Regional dos Açores. In: available at. 2016 https://

[32] Silva F, Almeida M. Sustentabilidade do turismo na natureza nos Açores – o Caso do canyoning [sustainability of nature tourism in the Azores – The case of canyoning]. In: Almeida M d C, editor. Turismo e desporto na natureza [Tourism and sport in nature]. Estoril, Portugal: Associação de Desportos de Aventura Desnível; 2013. pp. 5-19

[33] OTA – O d T d A. Satisfação do Turista que Visita os Açores – Ano 2017. Observatório do Turismo dos Açores. In: available at. 2018 https://bit.

[34] Sousa Lima, P. (1999). Mapa dos Açores. Available at: http://diveazores. blogspot.pt/2006/01/mapa-dosaores-azores-map.html (Acceded at

ly/2HvmeYD

ly/2HvmeYD

ly/2HvmeYD

ly/2HvmeYD

bit.ly/2vs1hZJ

*The Azores Archipelago as a Region with Vast Potential for the Development of Adventure… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94411*

[27] SREA. Estatísticas do Turismo janeiro a dezembro de 2014. Açores: Serviço Regional de Estatística dos Açores; 2015 available at https://bit. ly/2HvmeYD

*Peripheral Territories, Tourism, and Regional Development*

Social Sciences and Humans (FCSH) da University NOVA – Lisbon. Proceedings Book. ISBN 978-989-8780-06-5. pp.

263-267. pp. 378-388.

[20] Gonçalves R, Camacho R, Lousada S, Castanho R. Modeling of maritime agitation for the design of maritime infrastructures: The case study of madeira archipelago. Revista

Brasileira de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento, Curitiba.

v7n1.7136

2017;**6**(2)

ly/2HvmeYD

ly/2HvmeYD

ly/2HvmeYD

ly/2HvmeYD

2018;**7**(1):29-50. DOI: 10.3895/rbpd.

[21] Couto G, Pimentel P, Ponte J. Tourism development potential in an insular territory: The case of Ribeira Grande in the Azores. Journal of Tourism Research & Hospitality.

[22] Vieira J, Couto G, Pimentel P, Menezes A, Moniz A, Sousa F. The satisfaction of the Nordic tourist with the Azores as a destination.

[23] SREA. Estatísticas do Turismo janeiro a dezembro de 2010. Açores: Serviço Regional de Estatística dos Açores; 2011 available at https://bit.

[24] SREA. Estatísticas do Turismo Janeiro a Dezembro de 2011. Açores: Serviço Regional de Estatística dos Açores; 2012 available at https://bit.

[25] SREA. Estatísticas do Turismo janeiro a dezembro de 2012. Açores: Serviço Regional de Estatística dos Açores; 2013 available at https://bit.

[26] SREA. Estatísticas do Turismo janeiro a dezembro de 2013. Açores: Serviço Regional de Estatística dos Açores; 2014 available at https://bit.

Tourism. 2014;**13**(1):58-72

Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and

Strategies for Sustainable Development. Editor of the Book. IGI GLOBAL Pp 216-238. ISBN13: 9781799825135. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-2513-5.ch012

[16] Lousada S, Silva P, Castanho RA, Naranjo Gómez J. Modelação de sistemas de abastecimento de água. O caso de Ilha da MadeIra. Modelling water system supplies. The case of Madeira island. Bitacora Urbano Territorial. 2019;**29**(2):89-98. DOI: 10.15446/

[17] Castanho, R.A., Lousada, S., Naranjo Gómez, J.M., Escórcio, P., Cabezas, J. Fernández-Pozo, L. and Loures, L. (2018). Dynamics of the Land Use Changes and the Associated Barriers and Opportunities for Sustainable Development on Peripheral and Insular Territories: The Madeira Island (Portugal) [Working Title], IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.80827. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/ online-first/dynamics-of-the-land-usechanges-and-the-associated-barriersand-opportunities-for-sustainable-devel

[18] Lousada S, Escórcio P, Castanho R, Loures L, Naranjo Gómez JM, Fernández-Pozo L, et al. A multi-variated analysis on ultraperipheral territories. A case study approach: Sustainability indicators proposal for Madeira Island. Chapter in the book: PLANEAMIENTO SECTORIAL: RECURSOS HÍDRICOS, ESPACIO RURAL Y FRONTERAS. Ed. Thomson Reuteurs Aranzadi. Pp. In: 293-303 ISBN 978-84-1309-065-8. 2018

[19] Castanho, R.A., Lousada, S, and Camacho, R. (2018). Modelling Torrential Rain Flows in Urban Territories: Floods. The Case Study of Madeira Island. 25th APDR CONGRESS.

FCHS, Lisbon-Portugal. July 5-6. Circular Economy, Urban Metabolism and Regional Development: Challenges for a Sustainable Future. Faculty of

bitacora.v29n2.69381

**76**

[28] SREA. Estatísticas do Turismo Janeiro a Dezembro de 2015. Açores: Serviço Regional de Estatística dos Açores; 2016 available at https://bit. ly/2HvmeYD

[29] SREA. Estatísticas do Turismo janeiro a dezembro de 2016. Açores: Serviço Regional de Estatística dos Açores; 2017 available at https://bit. ly/2HvmeYD

[30] SREA. Estatísticas do Turismo janeiro a dezembro de 2017. Açores: Serviço Regional de Estatística dos Açores; 2018 available at https://bit. ly/2HvmeYD

[31] Instituto de Planeamento e Desenvolvimento do Turismo IPDT–. Plano Estratégico e Marketing do Turismo dos Açores. Governo Regional dos Açores. In: available at. 2016 https:// bit.ly/2vs1hZJ

[32] Silva F, Almeida M. Sustentabilidade do turismo na natureza nos Açores – o Caso do canyoning [sustainability of nature tourism in the Azores – The case of canyoning]. In: Almeida M d C, editor. Turismo e desporto na natureza [Tourism and sport in nature]. Estoril, Portugal: Associação de Desportos de Aventura Desnível; 2013. pp. 5-19

[33] OTA – O d T d A. Satisfação do Turista que Visita os Açores – Ano 2017. Observatório do Turismo dos Açores. In: available at. 2018 https://bit. ly/2vxcsjW

[34] Sousa Lima, P. (1999). Mapa dos Açores. Available at: http://diveazores. blogspot.pt/2006/01/mapa-dosaores-azores-map.html (Acceded at September 17, 2020).

[35] Castanho RA, Vulevic A, Naranjo Gómez J, Cabezas J, Fernández-Pozo L, Loures L, et al. Assessing the impact of marketing and advertising as strategic approaches to Eurocities development: An Iberian case study approach. European Journal of International Management. 2019 ISSN: 1751-6765

[36] Vulevic A, Djordjevic D, Castanho RA, Cabezas-Fernandez J. Social marketing and their related challenges for the limited access for people living with a disability: A Serbian case study. Chapter in book: Case studies on social marketing. Ed. springer. In: 10.1007/978-3-030- 04843\_19. 2019

[37] Vulevic, A., Castanho, R.A., Gómez-Naranjo, J., Cabezas, J. and Fernández-Pozo, L. (2017). Transport Accessibility to Achieve Sustainable Development. Principles for its Application in CBC Projects: The Euro-City Elvas-Badajoz. Proceedings Book - 16th Congress on Public and Nonprofit Marketing (IAPNM). Conference Proceedings First Ed. 2017. Badajoz. ISBN: 978-84-697-5643-0.

**79**

Section 4

Rural Tourism and Regional

Development

Section 4
