**3. Conclusion**

Prevention of muscle atrophy and enhancement of muscle strength and hypertrophy can facilitate and accelerate the rehabilitation process and prevent further re-injury. Blood flow restriction training has been shown to be an especially promising tool in the recovery of injured and postoperative patients. The loss of skeletal mass in vulnerable patients, such as elderly or cardiovascular disease patients, is accompanied by a decline in physical function and activities of daily living. Given the fact that these patients are often unable to tolerate high-load routines, BFRT may be used in these individuals to prevent muscle weakness and improve their daily living.

As far as cardiovascular patients are concerned, daily exercise is necessary to improve the quality of their lives. However, exercise in its classic form may be prohibitive in such groups (e.g., it is impossible to exercise high resistance to increase muscle strength). Hemostatic and inflammatory responses are the major concerns for patients with CVD when performing an exercise. However, recent literature [60]; proposed that BFRT with low load resistance will be safe as well as effective for this group of patients. In conclusion, we could assume that the innovative type of exercise with blood flow restriction could be a safe and effective tool in improving daily life in vulnerable groups, but further research is needed in order to determine the long-term adverse effects and the optimal training routines.

*Contemporary Advances in Sports Science*
