3.3 Addressing the interoperability challenge

The system is called interoperable when the information and communications systems are capable of sharing and interchanging data as well as to be integrated with the other systems and applications. Information interoperability has three types: (1) Morphological interoperability: this type of interoperability guarantees that the same data has an identical structure and similar format. In addition, it is referred to as a structural interoperability. (2) Semantic Interoperability: It allows different types of information systems and applications to exchange information based on predetermined conditions. It ensures the message is received at the user end. (3) Syntactic Interoperability: This type of interoperability did as same as the Semantic interoperability, however, it is not guaranteeing that the receiver received the message [15].

LTE-A equipped M2M module is implemented in every grid asset (Components, controllers, appliances, equipment, and etc.), as LTE-A is an all IP-based network. Therefore, telecommunications among the whole grid assets depend on an IPdependent communications protocol. The E2E interoperability among billions of distributed multiple vendor's communication devices is facilitated through the whole distribution grid. This is substantial as the complex several vendors' interoperability standard challenge is persuasively tackled and reduced to a central commonly customary specific protocol – the Internet Protocol (IP), the core protocol of the public Internet. Because IP is the global dominant network protocol, most of the commercially available software and hardware systems are capable of handling IP traffic, hence making IP the logical choice for most networking applications including the power grid of the future [3].
