**4. Slaughter and meat qualities of broiler chicken carcasses, depending on the concentration and method of administration of humic acid salts**

The productivity of modern crosses of broiler chickens largely depends on the technology of poultry operation, including the use of biologically active additives in feeding, which can have both a positive and a negative effect on the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the diet, which accordingly affects the quantity and quality of meat products.

To characterize the slaughter qualities of broiler chickens, a control slaughter of poultry with an average live weight in a group and anatomical and morphological carving were carried out. A set of the following indicators was assessed: the weight of carcasses, the yield of semieviscerated carcass (without blood and feathers, the intestines with cloaca were removed, the filled goiter, oviduct in females) and

*Humic Substances*

is an inducer of tumor necrosis factor [10].

against human immunodeficiency virus [11–15].

**broiler chickens in a production environment**

agriculture, animal husbandry and agricultural processing.

acid are clearance naturally [3].

depending on the dose of the additive [17].

systems of the animal.

use of alkaline salts of natural humic acids in animal husbandry [16].

many components, including humic acids, which has an interferonogenic effect and

**3. Development of "green technology" for rearing and fattening of** 

According to experts, the leading place in the development of the world economy in the 21stcentury will be occupied by ecological technologies, colloquially called "green technologies". According to the classification of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), one of the main purposes of "green technologies" is to eliminate the use of harmful synthetic chemicals in agriculture, as well as to introduce new environmentally friendly technologies in

One of the stages of environmentally friendly technologies for the production of livestock products is the improvement of livestock and an increase in the productivity of animals and poultry with the help of feed additives, which are natural complexes of biologically active substances with the properties of antioxidants, adsorbents and antibiotics. This trend has led to an increase in the research on the

The so-called quinones, which have antibiotic properties, have been found in the biological complex of humic substances. Therefore, preparations of humicacids are considered to be a promising alternative to antibiotics and probiotics in stabilizing the intestinal microflora, which no less successfully neutralize pathogenic microflora, while suppressing inflammation and blocking the sites of adhesion of pathogenic pathogens in the intestinal mucosa. Humic acids bind pathogenic *E. coli* by an average of 94%, and endotoxins by 82%. Bacteria and toxins bound by humic

In comparison with antibiotics, the mechanism of humic acid therapy manifests rather slowly, within 24–72 hours. In this case, pathogenic microflora is excreted, stimulating the formation of antibodies, and increasing the resistance and defense

Veterinary control over preparation residues in livestock products is of great importance in production of environmentally friendly antibiotic-free products. Research by K.V. Korsakov and S.V. Kozlova (2019) evidenced that the combined use of the antibiotic "Florfenicol" and the feed additive "Reasil®HumicHealth" based on humic acids in a dose of 1 g/kg of feed accelerates the elimination of the antibacterial preparationby 2 times after the cessation of antimicrobial therapy. Use of the "Reasil®HumicHealth" in a dose of1.5 and 2 g/kg of feed acceleratesits elimination by 4 times after the cessation of antimicrobial therapy. Thus, the preparation of humic acids "Reasil®HumicHealth" is able to bind the metabolites of florfenicol and accelerate the elimination of the antibacterial preparation by 2–4 times,

Scientific research allows one to conclude about the antiviral activity of preparations based on humic substances. Humic acids prevent viral replication by acting on the viral protein and block the absorption of viral particles on the cell surface. It is believed that molecules of humic acids encasethe virus in a kind of shell, block its entry into the cell and prevent replication. The antiviral effect of humic acids is more pronounced than the antibacterial, since have immunomodulatory effect on the host organism. The antiviral properties of humic acids are manifested against influenza A and B viruses, Coxsackie A9 virus, herpes, rhinoviruses, ARVI and even

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carcasses of complete evisceration (all internal organs were removed, the head between the second and third cervical vertebrae, neck without skin at the level of the shoulder joints, legs at the tarsal joint).

Analysis of the results of slaughtering poultry at the age of 31 days (**Table 1**) showed that broilers of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, who ate a dry feed additive based on unmodified microporous humic acids "Reasil®Humic Health", at a dose of 1 and 1.5 g per 1 kg of compound feed exceeded their counterparts from the control group in terms of the weight of semieviscerated (by 41.34 and 36.34 g) and eviscerated carcasses (by 51.66 and 61.0 g). The yield of carcasses in the groups was, respectively, 84.62 … 83.98% and 71.17 … 71.60% versus 81.47 and 67.33% in the control.

Indices of the 2nd experimental group, according to the analyzed parameters, retain its position until the end of rearing (practically at the same level with the control).

Currently, the topical issue is the organization of production of high-quality natural poultry meat and bone semi-finished products. To study the development of meat forms of carcasses of broiler chickens, eviscerated carcasses after maturation in a refrigerating chamber (0 ± 4 °C, 24 hours) were dismembered into following parts: breast - lophosteon with ribs and muscles adjacent on both sides; leg - thigh and lower leg with attached muscles; shin - the tibia with adjacent muscles; thigh femur with attached muscles; wing - humerus, radius, and ulna with adjacent muscles; skeleton - dorsal-scapular and lumbosacral parts of the carcass. Then the muscle tissue, skin, and bones were anatomically separated. The yield of a part of a carcass was determined by the ratio of the mass of the corresponding part of a carcass to the mass of a carcass of complete evisceration (%). The yield of muscle tissue, skin and bone tissue was determined by the ratio of the mass of a part of the carcass to the mass of the unknown tissue (%). The research results are shown in **Tables 2** and **3**.

It was found out that feeding the studied preparation based on humic acids in the composition of the compound feed of the experimental poultry does not have a negative effect on the weight and yield of the carcass components. Thus, the yield of the breast part of carcasses in broilers of the experimental groups, according to the results of their slaughter at the age of 31 days, increases from 31.81% in the control to 34.06–35.91% in the groups with humates due to a slight decrease in the yield of other components - leg and skeleton.

When broiler chickens were slaughtered at 36 days of age, their carcasses were characterized by the same yield of the compared anatomical parts in all experimental groups. However, with the subsequent slaughter of poultry, on the 38th day of the fattening, the ratio of parts of carcasses during carving changed.

In poultry carcasses that ate 1 g of humates per 1 kg of feed (1st experimental group), the percentage of the breast, leg and wing was almost equal to the control, however, the yield of the dorsal-scapular and lumbosacral parts (skeleton) decreased by 2.06%.

In the 2nd experimental group of broilers (1.5 g of the preparation per 1 kg of feed), there was an increase in the yield from the carcass of legs by 1.27, 0.79 and 1.53% in comparison with carcasses from the control, 1st and 3rd experimental groups, respectively. Such changes are primarily due to a decrease in the development of the breast of the carcass (yield - 37.27%).

The highest yield of the breast (40.11%) and forelimbs torso - wing (13.46%) during slaughter and carving was in the 3rd experimental, where broilers were fed with 2 g of the preparation with humic acids per 1 kg of feed.

However, the best results of the influence of humic acids on the intensity of development of the breast part of carcasses were during prolonged poultry feeding, that is, at the final stage of the fattening (42 days). During this period

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**Index** At the age of 31 days

Preslaughterlive weight

Weightofsemieviscerated carcass, g

% Weightofeviscerated carcass, g

% At the age of 36 days

Preslaughterlive weight

Weightofsemieviscerated carcass, g

% Weightofeviscerated carcass, g

% At the age of 38 days

Preslaughterlive weight

Weightofsemieviscerated carcass, g

% Weightofeviscerated carcass, g

%

1981.50 ± 61.50 1712.00 ± 80.00

86.42 1442.00 ± 67.00

72.79

1844.00 ± 79.00

1557.00 ± 51.00

84.44 1300.50 ± 54.50

70.50

1806.50 ± 63.50 1549.50 ± 51.50

85.80 1307.50 ± 25.50

72.38

1967.00 ± 145.00

1680.50 ± 132.50

85.43

1435.00 ± 151.50

72.95

1782.50 ± 67.50 1502.50 ± 36.50

84.29 1305.50 ± 44.50

73.24

1734.00 ± 76.00

1469.00 ± 90.00

84.72 1271.00 ± 57.00

73.30

1729.00 ± 35.00

1448.00 ± 34.00

83.75 1251.50 ± 15.50

72.38

1412.00 ± 89 1150.33 ± 67.06

81.47 950.67 ± 52.83

67.33

1408.33 ± 77.98 1191.67 ± 58.72

84.62 1002.33 ± 61.68

71.17

1413.00 ± 79.05

1186.67 ± 91.03

83.98 1011.67 ± 96.04

71.60

1262.33 ± 102.22

1024.67 ± 87.56

81.17

**Control**

**1stexperimental group**

**2ndexperimental group**

**3rdexperimental group**

*Role of Humic Substances in Formation of Safety and Quality of Poultry Meat*

1681.50 ± 63.50

1407.00 ± 92.00

83.70

1210.50 ± 70.50

71.99

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96595*

885.67 ± 67.54

70.16


#### *Role of Humic Substances in Formation of Safety and Quality of Poultry Meat DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96595*

*Humic Substances*

the control.

**Tables 2** and **3**.

decreased by 2.06%.

the shoulder joints, legs at the tarsal joint).

yield of other components - leg and skeleton.

ment of the breast of the carcass (yield - 37.27%).

with 2 g of the preparation with humic acids per 1 kg of feed.

carcasses of complete evisceration (all internal organs were removed, the head between the second and third cervical vertebrae, neck without skin at the level of

Analysis of the results of slaughtering poultry at the age of 31 days (**Table 1**) showed that broilers of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, who ate a dry feed additive based on unmodified microporous humic acids "Reasil®Humic Health", at a dose of 1 and 1.5 g per 1 kg of compound feed exceeded their counterparts from the control group in terms of the weight of semieviscerated (by 41.34 and 36.34 g) and eviscerated carcasses (by 51.66 and 61.0 g). The yield of carcasses in the groups was, respectively, 84.62 … 83.98% and 71.17 … 71.60% versus 81.47 and 67.33% in

Indices of the 2nd experimental group, according to the analyzed parameters, retain

It was found out that feeding the studied preparation based on humic acids in the composition of the compound feed of the experimental poultry does not have a negative effect on the weight and yield of the carcass components. Thus, the yield of the breast part of carcasses in broilers of the experimental groups, according to the results of their slaughter at the age of 31 days, increases from 31.81% in the control to 34.06–35.91% in the groups with humates due to a slight decrease in the

When broiler chickens were slaughtered at 36 days of age, their carcasses were characterized by the same yield of the compared anatomical parts in all experimental groups. However, with the subsequent slaughter of poultry, on the 38th day of

In poultry carcasses that ate 1 g of humates per 1 kg of feed (1st experimental group), the percentage of the breast, leg and wing was almost equal to the control, however, the yield of the dorsal-scapular and lumbosacral parts (skeleton)

In the 2nd experimental group of broilers (1.5 g of the preparation per 1 kg of feed), there was an increase in the yield from the carcass of legs by 1.27, 0.79 and 1.53% in comparison with carcasses from the control, 1st and 3rd experimental groups, respectively. Such changes are primarily due to a decrease in the develop-

The highest yield of the breast (40.11%) and forelimbs torso - wing (13.46%) during slaughter and carving was in the 3rd experimental, where broilers were fed

However, the best results of the influence of humic acids on the intensity of development of the breast part of carcasses were during prolonged poultry feeding, that is, at the final stage of the fattening (42 days). During this period

the fattening, the ratio of parts of carcasses during carving changed.

its position until the end of rearing (practically at the same level with the control). Currently, the topical issue is the organization of production of high-quality natural poultry meat and bone semi-finished products. To study the development of meat forms of carcasses of broiler chickens, eviscerated carcasses after maturation in a refrigerating chamber (0 ± 4 °C, 24 hours) were dismembered into following parts: breast - lophosteon with ribs and muscles adjacent on both sides; leg - thigh and lower leg with attached muscles; shin - the tibia with adjacent muscles; thigh femur with attached muscles; wing - humerus, radius, and ulna with adjacent muscles; skeleton - dorsal-scapular and lumbosacral parts of the carcass. Then the muscle tissue, skin, and bones were anatomically separated. The yield of a part of a carcass was determined by the ratio of the mass of the corresponding part of a carcass to the mass of a carcass of complete evisceration (%). The yield of muscle tissue, skin and bone tissue was determined by the ratio of the mass of a part of the carcass to the mass of the unknown tissue (%). The research results are shown in

**84**

