**3. Development of "green technology" for rearing and fattening of broiler chickens in a production environment**

According to experts, the leading place in the development of the world economy in the 21stcentury will be occupied by ecological technologies, colloquially called "green technologies". According to the classification of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), one of the main purposes of "green technologies" is to eliminate the use of harmful synthetic chemicals in agriculture, as well as to introduce new environmentally friendly technologies in agriculture, animal husbandry and agricultural processing.

One of the stages of environmentally friendly technologies for the production of livestock products is the improvement of livestock and an increase in the productivity of animals and poultry with the help of feed additives, which are natural complexes of biologically active substances with the properties of antioxidants, adsorbents and antibiotics. This trend has led to an increase in the research on the use of alkaline salts of natural humic acids in animal husbandry [16].

The so-called quinones, which have antibiotic properties, have been found in the biological complex of humic substances. Therefore, preparations of humicacids are considered to be a promising alternative to antibiotics and probiotics in stabilizing the intestinal microflora, which no less successfully neutralize pathogenic microflora, while suppressing inflammation and blocking the sites of adhesion of pathogenic pathogens in the intestinal mucosa. Humic acids bind pathogenic *E. coli* by an average of 94%, and endotoxins by 82%. Bacteria and toxins bound by humic acid are clearance naturally [3].

In comparison with antibiotics, the mechanism of humic acid therapy manifests rather slowly, within 24–72 hours. In this case, pathogenic microflora is excreted, stimulating the formation of antibodies, and increasing the resistance and defense systems of the animal.

Veterinary control over preparation residues in livestock products is of great importance in production of environmentally friendly antibiotic-free products. Research by K.V. Korsakov and S.V. Kozlova (2019) evidenced that the combined use of the antibiotic "Florfenicol" and the feed additive "Reasil®HumicHealth" based on humic acids in a dose of 1 g/kg of feed accelerates the elimination of the antibacterial preparationby 2 times after the cessation of antimicrobial therapy. Use of the "Reasil®HumicHealth" in a dose of1.5 and 2 g/kg of feed acceleratesits elimination by 4 times after the cessation of antimicrobial therapy. Thus, the preparation of humic acids "Reasil®HumicHealth" is able to bind the metabolites of florfenicol and accelerate the elimination of the antibacterial preparation by 2–4 times, depending on the dose of the additive [17].

**83**

*Role of Humic Substances in Formation of Safety and Quality of Poultry Meat*

The essence of the interaction of a living cell with humic acids is that intact molecules of humic acids and high-molecular residues of their intracellular digestion are localized in the cell walls or in the layer adjacent to the cytoplasmic membrane. A semblance of an active filter appears on the surface of a living cell, which binds heavy metal ions into stable chelate complexes, intercepts molecules of pesticides and other organic xenobiotics, and also binds free radicals formed in the plasma

With this interaction, the release of energy is noted, which, instead of being spent on compensating for the adverse effects of the external environment, is used by the cell itself for growth and reproduction, which ultimately leads to an increase

Due to their chemical properties, humic acid preparations bind heavy metal cations, compete with conventional mineral adsorbents (activated carbon, clay) and have adsorptive properties. In this case, humic acids slip between the villi of the intestinal epithelium and create a protective film from the finest particles of humic

The adsorptive effect of humic acids is enhanced by their ability to penetrate into the small intestine without changes and to show their ability in the place, where toxic substances are fixed, their absorption slows down and excretion with feces is

The high abilities of the natural-organic complex of humic acids "Reasil® HumicHealth" to sorb and desorb 5 mycotoxins of mixed feed - aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin, toxin T-2, zearalenone and fuminisin B1 have been experimentally established. At the same time, the feed additive is effective both at the maximum permissible level of mycotoxins in the compound feed, and at the concentration of

The hepatoprotective ability of humic acids was observed in experiments on broilers using rapeseed meal containing an increased amount of secondary plant metabolites that could cause liver damage. The low AST level in the blood of chick-

**4. Slaughter and meat qualities of broiler chicken carcasses, depending on the concentration and method of administration of humic acid** 

The productivity of modern crosses of broiler chickens largely depends on the technology of poultry operation, including the use of biologically active additives in feeding, which can have both a positive and a negative effect on the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the diet, which accordingly affects the quantity and

To characterize the slaughter qualities of broiler chickens, a control slaughter of poultry with an average live weight in a group and anatomical and morphological carving were carried out. A set of the following indicators was assessed: the weight of carcasses, the yield of semieviscerated carcass (without blood and feathers, the intestines with cloaca were removed, the filled goiter, oviduct in females) and

Use of liquid Reasil®HumicVet in feeding broiler chickens of the Cobb 500 cross at the age of 9 to 34 days and laying hens of the High-Line cross during the period of intensive egg laying in an amount of 0.06 ml per 1 kg of live weight contributed to an increase in productivity and the safety of poultry, an improvement in the morphological state of the liver and a decrease in AST and ALT indicators. This indicates the restoration of liver functions and helps to prevent fatty and toxic degeneration

acid, which protects the tissues of the epithelium and lymph glands.

ens fed with humic acid indicates its hepatoprotective ability [20].

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96595*

membrane as a result of lipid peroxidation.

in its competitiveness [1, 18].

toxins exceeding 5 MPC [19].

and hepatosis [21].

quality of meat products.

**salts**

accelerated.

#### *Role of Humic Substances in Formation of Safety and Quality of Poultry Meat DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96595*

The essence of the interaction of a living cell with humic acids is that intact molecules of humic acids and high-molecular residues of their intracellular digestion are localized in the cell walls or in the layer adjacent to the cytoplasmic membrane. A semblance of an active filter appears on the surface of a living cell, which binds heavy metal ions into stable chelate complexes, intercepts molecules of pesticides and other organic xenobiotics, and also binds free radicals formed in the plasma membrane as a result of lipid peroxidation.

With this interaction, the release of energy is noted, which, instead of being spent on compensating for the adverse effects of the external environment, is used by the cell itself for growth and reproduction, which ultimately leads to an increase in its competitiveness [1, 18].

Due to their chemical properties, humic acid preparations bind heavy metal cations, compete with conventional mineral adsorbents (activated carbon, clay) and have adsorptive properties. In this case, humic acids slip between the villi of the intestinal epithelium and create a protective film from the finest particles of humic acid, which protects the tissues of the epithelium and lymph glands.

The adsorptive effect of humic acids is enhanced by their ability to penetrate into the small intestine without changes and to show their ability in the place, where toxic substances are fixed, their absorption slows down and excretion with feces is accelerated.

The high abilities of the natural-organic complex of humic acids "Reasil® HumicHealth" to sorb and desorb 5 mycotoxins of mixed feed - aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin, toxin T-2, zearalenone and fuminisin B1 have been experimentally established. At the same time, the feed additive is effective both at the maximum permissible level of mycotoxins in the compound feed, and at the concentration of toxins exceeding 5 MPC [19].

The hepatoprotective ability of humic acids was observed in experiments on broilers using rapeseed meal containing an increased amount of secondary plant metabolites that could cause liver damage. The low AST level in the blood of chickens fed with humic acid indicates its hepatoprotective ability [20].

Use of liquid Reasil®HumicVet in feeding broiler chickens of the Cobb 500 cross at the age of 9 to 34 days and laying hens of the High-Line cross during the period of intensive egg laying in an amount of 0.06 ml per 1 kg of live weight contributed to an increase in productivity and the safety of poultry, an improvement in the morphological state of the liver and a decrease in AST and ALT indicators. This indicates the restoration of liver functions and helps to prevent fatty and toxic degeneration and hepatosis [21].
