**4.2 Sacrum**

*4.1.2.3 Sciatic notch index*

*4.1.2.4 Chilotic line index*

**Table 6.**

**114**

In adult males: 145; in adult females: 166. In the male fetus: 4–5; in the female fetus: 5–6.

notch with its depth.

The sciatic notch index is given by dividing the hundred times width of sciatic

*Forensic Analysis - Scientific and Medical Techniques and Evidence under the Microscope*

The chilotic line index is obtained by dividing the hundred times length of the

ð Þ Sacral part of pectineal line*=*pubic part of pectineal line ∗ 100 (6)

In males: the CLI is greater than 100, In females: the CLI is less than 100. These indexes are not used routinely. Nowadays, discriminant function analysis

is used by anthropologists. This was first used by Howells [28]. He worked on Gaillard's skeletal collection (75 males, 69 females) and took four parameters, ischial and pubic lengths and the index obtained from it, he took four measurements of the

cotylosciatic length (shortest distance from acetabular rim to greater sciatic notch), cotylopubic length (from acetabular rim to pubic symphysis) and the difference between SS-SA, in which SS is the distance between the anterior superior iliac spine and the closest point on the greater sciatic notch, and SA is the distance between the anterior superior iliac spine and the closest point on the auricular surface (**Table 6**). In another study, Dixit [29] observed twelve measurements and five indices from 100 human hip bones of unknown sex of Indian origin. Each of the hip bones was classified as male, female and intermediate on the basis of morphological characters. Afterwards discriminant function analysis was done and it was observed

greater sciatic notch and acetabular region. These included sciatic height,

that sex can be accessed with greater accuracy from parameters such as the

**Dimension (mm) Mean S.D. Mean S.D.** X1 Ischial length 96.9 5.65 89.3 5.00 X2 Pubic length 93.2 6.48 97.0 5.31 X3 Ischiopubic index 96.2 3.81 108.7 4.18 X4 Sciatic height 41.0 4.80 47.1 5.32 X4 Cotylosciatic length 40.1 3.13 37.2 3.97 X5 Cotylopubic length 29.7 2.71 24.8 2.63 X6 SS-SA 1.4 3.88 �7.7 4.33 Discriminant Function Formulae Section Point % Correct Y ¼ 0*:*7717X1–0*:*636X2 11.3 97.8 Y ¼ 0*:*8285X6 þ 0*:*517X7–0*:*1148X4–0*:*1819X5 9.2 93.1 Y ¼ 0*:*4514X6 þ 0*:*3253X7 þ 0*:*6071X1–0*:*0993X4–0*:*1345X5–0*:*05421X2 9.3 96.5

**From Howells [28] Male Female**

*Showing discriminant function coefficients for determining sex from the Os Coxa.*

sacral part of the pectineal line with the pubic part of pectineal line.

ð Þ Width of the sacrum*=*diameter of sacrum ∗ 100 (5)

The sacrum is a large flattened triangular bone formed by the fusion of five sacral vertebrae and forming the posterosuperior part of bony pelvis. It articulates on either side with the corresponding innominate or hip bone forming sacroiliac joint. Morphological and metric differences of sex determination are given in the **Table 7**.
