*2.1.2 The Berlin moyamoya grading*

It incorporated digital subtraction angiography, MRI, and cerebrovascular reserve capacity (CVRC) which allows to stratify clinical symptomatology and provides information on cerebrovascular function. Czabanka et al. propose the grading system which has three grades [27] (see **Table 5**).

## *2.1.3 Premedication*

It is essential to review the chronic medical conditions of a patient with MMD. Review of medications is a vital part of anesthesia evaluation. Calcium channel

