**2. Methods**

NU, SP, and SM independently search the Pubmed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar for medical management in Moyamoya disease using the term "antithrombotic" or "antiplatelet" or "anticoagulant" or "thrombolytic" or "antihypertensive" or "lipid-lowering" or "aspirin" or "clopidogrel" or "cilostazol" or "warfarin" or "recombinant tissue plasminogen activator" and "Moyamoya."
