**7. Otorhinolaryngology**

Pediatric robotic surgery has been used least frequently in otorhinolaryngology [72]. Until now, the majority of RAS applications in otorhinolaryngology is a transoral approach, particularly useful in masses of the base of the tongue. Open surgery can facilitate access to the oropharyngeal region, including the base of the tongue, but can lead to the morbidity of splitting the lip and jaw or require pharyngotomy. As a result, the robotic transoral approach is being used [165]. In the near future, we believe that transoral robotic surgery may become the gold standard.

In a publication of pediatric cases of robotic transoral surgery, with 41 patients, with age between 2 months and 19 years, the techniques were, lingual tonsillectomies (16), lingual and lingual based tonsillectomies (9), 2 malignant diseases in the oropharynx (high-grade undifferentiated sarcoma and biphasic synovial sarcoma), a thyroglossal duct cyst at the base of the tongue, laryngeal cleft cysts (11), a posterior glottic stenosis, and a surgery for congenital true vocal cord paralysis. A minor intraoperative complication occurred. No patient required postoperative tracheostomy. Conversion index was 9.8% [166].
