*3.1.2 Partial nephrectomy*

Ureteral duplication is the most common congenital abnormality of the urinary tract. Partial nephrectomy for benign indication is performed for the resection of a deficient or non-functional fraction of a duplex system and can cause or be associated with obstruction and hydronephrosis, dysplasia, megaureter, ureterocele, and vesicoureteral reflux. Heminephroureterectomy is performed in cases with a reflux system [73]. It is recommended before surgery, to place a stent in the ureter to be preserved (for easy identification during dissection). If the ureter of the remaining fraction is to be reimplanted or if an ectopic ureter is to be followed in the deep pelvis, the robot is repositioned between the patient's legs and redocked [75].
