*4.7.4 Heller's cardiomyotomy for achalasia*

Achalasia is rare in children. Surgical options include open, laparoscopic, and robotic approaches, and Heller's myotomy remains the treatment of choice. Concomitant partial posterior fundoplication is suggested for all patients. Heller's robotic myotomy for esophageal achalasia in children has been shown to be safe and effective. Both laparoscopic and robotic esophageal myotomy are comparable in their results. However, robotic surgery is superior in terms of avoiding mucosal perforation, this complication occurred in 16% of patients in the laparoscopic group [129–131].
