**1. Introduction**

Acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) are clonal proliferations of immature cells involved in B (LAL-B) or T (LAL-T) lymphoid differentiation and blocked at an early stage of differentiation. The ALL is the most frequent childhood malignancy. In multiple studies dating back more than 50 years, both B-cell ALL and T-cell ALL are associated with characteristic and recurrent cytogenetic changes [1, 2]. They had a great value for diagnosis, risk stratification, disease monitoring and treatment selection. The conventional cytogenetics techniques have experienced significant advancement into molecular cytogenetics technologies. These recent advancements have largely overcome the limitations of conventional cytogenetics techniques. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques are part of the armory of molecular cytogenetics technologies [3–5].
