Meet the editors

Kotsedi Daniel Monyeki, MA, MPH, Ph.D., is a full professor in the Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, South Africa. In 2020, he was rated as a South African National Research Foundation C2 researcher. He has a background in kinesiology and physical education (human movement science). He received an MPH from the University of Cape Town, South Africa. His research interests are in non-com-

municable diseases, physical activity, and epidemiology. He has been the principal investigator of the Ellisras Longitudinal Study (ELS) since 1996, which inaugurated a biannual international conference in 2017. The ELS project plays a pivotal role in creating awareness of chronic diseases and prevention among members of local communities. Dr. Monyeki is an editorial board member for the *Journal of Human Hypertension*. He has authored and published eight book chapters, three technical reports, and 135 peer-reviewed journal articles. He has presented 131 research papers at national and international conferences. He has supervised and co-supervised graduates and postgraduates at the University of Limpopo and Amsterdam Medical University Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Prof Emeritus Han C.G. Kemper, Ph.D., Hon D, obtained a Ph.D. from the Free University of Brussels, Belgium, in 1968. He also has three honorary degrees from universities in London (University of Surrey), Budapest (Semmelweiss University), and Riga (Radins University). In 1985 he was appointed a full professor at the Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, University of Amsterdam and Vrije University, Amsterdam. Dr. Kemper has super-

vised twenty-five Ph.D. students over the course of his career. In 1996 he joined the VU University Medical Center in the EMGO+ Institute for Care and Health Research (Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute at Amsterdam UMC). He was the principal investigator of the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study (AGAHLS) from 1974 until 2004. With his research group he has published more than 350 articles in both national and international journals and ten books (or chapters in books) about AGAHLS. From 1996 until 1998 he gave intensive courses for scientific staff members at the University of Limpopo, Polokwane, SA. Since then, he has worked closely with Dr. Monyeki in his Ellisras Longitudinal Study. Dr. Kemper was associate editor of the international journal *Pediatric Exercise Science*  from 1988 until 2018. In 2002 he received a citation award from the prestigious American College of Sports Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, based upon his publication records in the field of sports and exercise sciences.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Preface XIII**

Poverty and Cardiovascular Diseases **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 17**

**Chapter 3 29**

**Chapter 4 45**

Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases **75**

**Chapter 5 77**

**Chapter 6 99**

Ambulatory Isolated Systolic Hypertension and Cardiovascular Target

Inter Arm Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk in Young Adults

*by Betty Sebati, Kotsedi Monyeki, Hlengani Siweya and Susan Monyeki*

Poverty Is Not Poverty: The Reality on the Ground Including the Rural-Urban Divide and How We Can Turn the Tide on NCDs

Poverty and Cardiovascular Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa

Poverty, Compromised Dietary Intake and Health Implications among South Africa's Sub-Populations: A Conceptual Analysis

Double Burden of Poverty and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

among Low-Resource Communities in South Africa *by Wilna Oldewage-Theron and Christa Grobler*

Organ Damage in People of African Ancestry

*by Muzi Maseko, Bongubuhle Mlambo, Edgar Phukubje* 

*by Janet Michel and Marcel Tanner*

*by Stella Chewe Sabi*

*and Thamsanqa Nyundu*

**Section 2**

at Ellisras

*by Julius Chacha Mwita and Brian Godman*
