Section 5 Type 2 Diabetes

**217**

**Chapter 14**

**Abstract**

type 2 diabetes.

**1. Introduction**

insulino-resistance, insulino-secretion

quences, making it a major public health problem.

**2. The autonomic nervous system (ANS)**

the body to its environment [2].

morphologically distinct parts [3]:

Type 2 Diabetes and Dysautonomy

Responsibility for the dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system in the genesis or aggravation of cardiovascular and/or metabolic disorders is currently held. Indeed, a significant correlation between sympathetic overactivity and the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for type 2 diabetes has been proven. Therefore, the treatment of this dysautonomia could improve the management of

**Keywords:** the autonomic nervous system, dysautonomia, type 2 diabetes,

The autonomic nervous system (ANS), the dysregulation of which, called dysautonomia, is a frequent and often unrecognized condition which is accompanied by polymorphic functional manifestations [1]. The exploration of the ANS has gained renewed interest in recent years, due to the demonstration of the major role of its alterations in the genesis and aggravation of several diseases [2]. The importance of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) comes not only from its growing prevalence around the world leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to consider it a significantly expanding epidemic; but also given its human and economic conse-

• ANS controls the body's unconscious, vegetative activities. It ensures the normal functioning of vegetative functions (breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, secretions, body temperature, water balance, etc.), and responds instantly to all physical and emotional demands. It is a system of adaptation of

• The autonomic nervous system consists of two functionally and, in large part,

involuntary activities of the stressful and arousal situations. It is preponderant in the conflicts of the organism with its external environment, when life is threatened. The sympathetic system stimulates all the organs that play a role in the defense response. The sympathetic nerve centers are essentially bulbospinal and their organization is segmental. The preganglionic fibers exit through the

○ The orthosympathetic (or sympathetic) system which intervenes in the

*Ahmed Anas Guerboub and Ghizlaine Belmejdoub*
