**Author details**

*Lifestyle and Epidemiology - The Double Burden of Poverty and Cardiovascular Diseases...*

conducted between lecture classes.

**5. Conclusions**

Limpopo students.

**Acknowledgements**

with data collection.

**Conflict of interest**

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

This study has some limitations. We did not randomly select the students to participate in the study but have invited them to take part in the study. There is a possibility that our sample may not be generalizable to the University of Limpopo students. This study forms the base; ever since the higher education sector decided to deposit the bursary money into the student account every month to cover their essentials. Given the cross-sectional nature of the current study, a causal relationship could not be achieved. This was based on interviewing students by welltrained field workers hence recall bias should not be ruled out as an interview was

The prevalence of the current alcohol consumption is high among University of Limpopo male students compared to female students. Living with a person using Tobacco product, marijuana and alcohol are major associated risk factors for current alcohol use in the University of Limpopo students. Drinking problems should not be handled in isolation by the university authority in policy formulation for the culture of healthy drinking but also educate the students on the use of drugs and the motives for drinking. Future studies are required to investigate the development of lifestyle and cardiovascular disease over time among University of

The authors are obligated to the participants (University of Limpopo students) for taking part in the study, resident manager for granting us permission to enter student resident to interview student. Ellisras longitudinal study team for helping

**184**

Mbelege Rosina Nkwana1 , Gift Makaleng1 , Mafoloa Suzan Monyeki1 , Hlengani James Siweya2 and Kotsedi Daniel Monyeki1 \*

1 Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, South Africa

2 Executive Dean Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa

\*Address all correspondence to: kotsedi.monyeki@ul.ac.za

© 2021 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
