**5. Muscle, joints and proprioception in nomophobia**

Proprioception is a chain of feedback between the sensory receptors which are located in the skin, joints and muscles when the duration of smartphones usage increases it will surely have an negative impact of cervical proprioception & dynamic balance ability.

Prolonged flexed neck, posture in turn will increases the muscle activity which will cause the musculoskeletal pain in neck and shoulder on comparison fast muscles, muscle fibers cause more fatigue than slow muscle fiber when static posture is maintained for a prolonged duration as the cervical flexion angle is decreased. When the head is inforward headed posture the muscular tissue perform cervical extension in the back of the neck are contracted isometrically creating a force which is against gravity, which will lead to prevention of cervical flexion or forward head movement, & long term isometric contraction of the muscles in the back of neck involved in the extension of cervical & can also cause pain by stimulating trigger points. The combination of extension within the higher cervical region and flexion within the lower cervical region seems in patients with forward head posture attribute to head posture. Changes in the cervical region by sustained poor head posture, cause excessive joint and muscle loading, and later on influencing weakness of the deep cervical muscles. Among several body structures set within the cervical region, the muscle is thought to be a main part for position sense through its receptors, like muscle spindles. The cervical vertebrae contribute proprioception sense input [15].

The proprioceptive sensing of the cervical vertebrae transmits data to correct arrangement and plays a crucial role in bodily property management. Additionally, it reacts sensitively to the fine movement of the top by acting in coordination with sensing from the vestibular apparatus. Asymmetrical alignment of the top and neck ends up in errors within the data received as visual and proprioception sensing this

eventually reduces the balance and will increase the chance of falling and contractile organ injuries whereas acting activities.

**8. Proprioception impairment in nomophobia kids**

• Trouble Recognizing Your Own Strength

Maladaptive and/or distorted cognitions

Negative outcomes resulting from excessive or uncontrolled mobile phone use [e.g. financial problems, distress reproaches/conflicts with family or friends]

• Avoiding Certain Movements Or Activities

Urgency Lack of

Maladaptive emotion regulation [e.g. ruminative thinking]

perseverance

IMPULSIVITY

Lack of premeditation

Addiction symptoms [e.g. craving, feeling of dependance, loss of control]

There are a few test Physiotherapists can use to assess proprioception,

The patient is asked to the touch the heel of 1 foot to the opposite knee after which to drag their heel in a instantly line all of the way down the front in their shin and lower back up once more. With a view to get rid of the impact of gravity in moving the heel down the shin, this test have to continually be done in the supine

The subject is asked to alternately touch their nose and the examiner's finger as

depending at the body element being assessed. That includes:

Poor self-control [e.g. inhibitory control, risky decision making]

> Dangerous use [phoning while driving]

Sensation seeking

Other cyber addiction implying mobile phone use [e.g. video games, social networks]

Prohibited use [use in banned places]

Need for stimulation, sensitivity to rewards

Positive affect [joy, euphoria,..]

Extraction

Desire to communicate with pairs and establish new relationships

• Balance Issues

• Clumsiness

Negative affect [depression, anxiety,...]

Poor

• uncoordinated Movement

*Nomophobia Kids and Proprioception*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96236*

• Poor Postural Control

Self esteem Neuroticism

Insecure attachment style [e.g. anxious ambivalent]

Dysfunctional relationship maintenance style

**9. Proprioception assessment**

**Heel-shin:**

position [16].

**121**

fast as possible [3].

**Finger-nose-finger:**
