**3. The process of sensory integration**

Proprioception sense which is provoked by getting the information from contraction and stretching of the muscles, pulling and compression of the joints between bones.

The sensation from one's own body which occurs during movement both during static and dynamic and which always sends information to the brain about position is the proprioceptive sense [8].

**Figure 1.** *Exteroceptors.* *Proprioception Impairment and Treatment Approaches in Pediatrics DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96382*

The important age of development of sensory integration after birth is from 1st month to 7 years. Sensory stimulation, motor activity and exposure to environment during the early childhood have a great influence on the neurons and major role in

Sensations play a vital role in giving sensory input and information to the CNS. Every sensation is a type of information from the nervous system to produce a response and control the body and mind to the given information with a good amount of sensation or the sensory input is necessary for the development of the

Proprioception sense which is provoked by getting the information from con-

The sensation from one's own body which occurs during movement both during static and dynamic and which always sends information to the brain about position

traction and stretching of the muscles, pulling and compression of the joints

INTEROCEPTORS - Sensation which gives information about the inside of the body

the development of sensory and motor processes [12, 13].

**2.2 Role of sensation**

*Proprioception*

Visceral Sense

between bones.

**Figure 1.** *Exteroceptors.*

**80**

is the proprioceptive sense [8].

nervous system (**Figures 1**–**5**) [2, 14].

**3. The process of sensory integration**

**Figure 4.** *Things to be consider.*


It is always the responsibilities of the parents to give the child the required "sensory diet". Sensory diet is the required amount of sensory input that the child can gain from interacting with the surrounding and peer groups through playing

The modulating influence of proprioception over the senses appears to occur at

• Always seeks proprioceptive input to regulate or maintain state of arousal

• Gravitational in severity, Vestibular proprioceptive disorders

Both over responsivity and under responsivity. Both extremes may occur in the

"The daily total of sensorimotor experience needed by a person to adaptively

Sensory diet is for the self-regulation. The importance of the proprioceptive system in to give a person with information on how far to reach, how much

pressure, where we are in space, to learn about body schema. It involves movement,

Ayres conceptualized SPD as a disorder of body scheme in which children misperceive their immediate space and their surrounding space. She believed that therapy based on a "sensory integration approach" would normalize the spatial perceptions from multiple sensory systems and contribute to successful participa-

etc. and explore new ideas and techniques to play and enjoy.

*Proprioception Impairment and Treatment Approaches in Pediatrics*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96382*

the level of cerebellum, thalamus and somatosensory cortex [16].

• Poor motor planning/Control and body awareness

The deficit associated with proprioceptive system. The under reactivity to typical sensory stimuli:

• Hypo responsivity to proprioceptive input

• Usually exhibit hypo responsivity to touch

**3.1 Functions**

**4. Proprioceptive dysfunction**

• Sensory seeking

• Poor posture control

• Uncoordinated movement

• Proprioceptive sensitivity.

interact with the environment".

compression and stretching at a joint**.**

tion in daily life activities [17, 18].

• Balance affected

• Clumsiness.

same children [2].

**4.1 Sensory diet**

**83**

Proprioception is the unconscious awareness of the body in space or at resting position. The somatosensory system plays a major role in the sensory integration.


Proprioception helps us to move. When proprioception is affected the child finds it difficult to perform the normal movement. The child finds it difficult to walk, clumsier, slower and must give more effort to perform the normal movement [15].

Any deficit or problem in the proprioception will lead to sensory integration dysfunction.

Causes,


Due to lack of awareness about the neurological deficit, the parents will not be able to identify the problems or the difficulties faced by the children. They will not be able to analyze the learning and the behavioral problems are due to the sensory issue.

Sometimes lack of opportunities to play and explore and sometimes lack of interaction with the environment can also lead to these types of sensory seeking or sensory deficit in children.

It is always the responsibilities of the parents to give the child the required "sensory diet". Sensory diet is the required amount of sensory input that the child can gain from interacting with the surrounding and peer groups through playing etc. and explore new ideas and techniques to play and enjoy.
