**2. Proprioceptive receptors**

The term proprioceptor comes from the Latin 'proprius', one's own, and 'recipio', to get. It was characterized by Sherrington (1906): 'In muscular receptivity we see the body itself going about as an upgrade to its own receptors – the proprioceptors'. Types of proprioceptors include muscle spindle, golgi tendon organs and the mechanoreceptors in the joint capsule.

When muscles lengthen, the spindles gets stretched. This stretch activates the muscle spindle that successively sends an impulse to the neural structure. This impulse leads to the activation of a lot of motor neurons at spinal level that send an impulse back to the muscle [10]. The Golgi connective tissue Organ could be a propioception receptor that's situated at intervals the tendons found on every finish of a muscle. It responds to inflated muscle tension or contraction as exerted on the connective tissue, by inhibiting any muscular contraction. Mechanoreceptors meant as primary neurons or nerve endings that reply to mechanical stimuli by firing action potentials. When mechanoreceptor receives a input, it begins to fire action potentials at raised frequency [11].

**4. Eyes and Proprioception in nomophobia**

*Nomophobia Kids and Proprioception*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96236*

plantar receivers underfoot.

through visual gaze [14].

dynamic balance ability.

sense input [15].

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The receptors of proprioception as major role in movement of eye control and

Brain will tend to combine various available source of extra-retinal signals to foster visual clarity during eye and head movements with proprioception as major contribution visual fatigue caused by usage of smartphones for a prolonged period of time as highly impact with visual ability to control posture thereby reducing the ability to balance. Thus it is very clear that continuous usage of smartphones by the kid for the sake of games & YouTube may lead to posture and balance disturbances

Proprioception is a chain of feedback between the sensory receptors which are located in the skin, joints and muscles when the duration of smartphones usage increases it will surely have an negative impact of cervical proprioception &

Prolonged flexed neck, posture in turn will increases the muscle activity which will cause the musculoskeletal pain in neck and shoulder on comparison fast muscles, muscle fibers cause more fatigue than slow muscle fiber when static posture is maintained for a prolonged duration as the cervical flexion angle is decreased. When the head is inforward headed posture the muscular tissue perform cervical extension in the back of the neck are contracted isometrically creating a force which is against gravity, which will lead to prevention of cervical flexion or forward head movement, & long term isometric contraction of the muscles in the back of neck involved in the extension of cervical & can also cause pain by stimulating trigger points. The combination of extension within the higher cervical region and flexion within the lower cervical region seems in patients with forward head posture attribute to head posture. Changes in the cervical region by sustained poor head posture, cause excessive joint and muscle loading, and later on influencing weakness of the deep cervical muscles. Among several body structures set within the cervical region, the muscle is thought to be a main part for position sense through its receptors, like muscle spindles. The cervical vertebrae contribute proprioception

The proprioceptive sensing of the cervical vertebrae transmits data to correct arrangement and plays a crucial role in bodily property management. Additionally, it reacts sensitively to the fine movement of the top by acting in coordination with sensing from the vestibular apparatus. Asymmetrical alignment of the top and neck ends up in errors within the data received as visual and proprioception sensing this

**5. Muscle, joints and proprioception in nomophobia**

construction of extra personal space. It was Thomas Reid in 1785 who clearly explained the mechanism of the function of eye proprioception. The visual gaze direction as direct concern with the neck muscles control during vestibular stimulation. The extra ocular muscle afferent signals are determined in patterned inhabitation of forelimb and neck muscles & there by influence the head position on the body [13]. Its miles possible to steer body proprioception by using stimulating no longer simplest direct mechanoreceptors like neuromuscular spindles, or joint or tendon neurologic terminations, however additionally through modulating the information from different sensory input as well. These range from visible receptors linked to the retinocolicular pathway in the uppermost location of the body to the only
