Nomophobia Kids and Proprioception

*Giridharan Vaishnavi*

## **Abstract**

Proprioception is the sense of self movement and body position. The CNS integrates proprioception and other sensory system such as vision and vestibular system in order to create body position, movement and acceleration. It is developed by movement and works with surroundings. Children using smartphones for a long time result greater impact on the sensorimotor function and their proprioception is affected. In this topic, the write up is going to be regarding the proprioceptional deficit and the problems associated because of that of children using mobile phones for a prolonged period of time. The proprioceptive system has an extensive influence at the protection of human fitness. When the proprioception is dysfunctional, the vital anxious device does no longer recognize the ideal fame of tonicity of the muscular tissues at rest or in motion, does no longer combine effectively the records that comes from sensory receptors, and has issue in modulating multi-sensory integration, with outcomes in motor behavior and cognitive function.

**Keywords:** nomophobia, proprioception, smart phone, feedback loop, feedforward loop

#### **1. Introduction**

In the last few years, the usage of smartphone has been progressively increased worldwide among kids. Nomophobia is described as an experience of anxiety due to fear of not having access to mobile phones. Smartphone addiction leads to restless night, anxiety, social isolation, nervous breakdown, weight changes, insomnia & anger [1]. Nomophobia is described as" the discomfort or tension because of the non-availability of a cell cellphone, non-public computer (laptop) or any other digital device" [2].

Nomophobia is described as "the soreness or tension as a result of the nonavailability of a cellular telephone, personal laptop (pc) or any some other digital verbal exchange device" [2]. Clayton et al. references Belk (2013) of their explanation of smart-phone loss as the "unintentional lack of a ownership need to be regarded as a loss or lessening of self" [3].

Long time usage of smartphones by the kids lead to musculoskeletal problems due to the faulty posture maintained like forward neck posture problems, rounded shoulder or slouched posture for a prolonged period of time [4]. The structural problems caused by faulty posture may lead to decrease in proprioception there by resulting in decreased balance ability. The maintenance of proprioception is

extremely important in order to prevent injuries & this is mainly subjected to proprioceptive input from mechanoreceptors in the capsule, ligament & tendon added to vestibular & visual input to central nervous system.

All children receive information from their internal and outside environments through the following senses: imaginative, motion (vestibular), prescient (ocular), hearing (auditory), taste (gustatory), odor (olfactory), contact (tactile), Joint and

The term sensory integration refers back to the manner of receiving and responding to the incoming facts. It starts off evolved while your toddler gets information from their senses, then the vital nervous device directs the records to the correct parts of the mind, and the records is integrated so the child can reply in

*Feedback*

*Feedback*

*Feedback*

The term proprioceptor comes from the Latin 'proprius', one's own, and 'recipio', to get. It was characterized by Sherrington (1906): 'In muscular receptivity we see the body itself going about as an upgrade to its own receptors – the proprioceptors'. Types of proprioceptors include muscle spindle, golgi tendon

When muscles lengthen, the spindles gets stretched. This stretch activates the muscle spindle that successively sends an impulse to the neural structure. This impulse leads to the activation of a lot of motor neurons at spinal level that send an impulse back to the muscle [10]. The Golgi connective tissue Organ could be a propioception receptor that's situated at intervals the tendons found on every finish of a muscle. It responds to inflated muscle tension or contraction as exerted on the connective tissue, by inhibiting any muscular contraction. Mechanoreceptors meant as primary neurons or nerve endings that reply to mechanical stimuli by firing action potentials. When mechanoreceptor receives a input, it begins to fire action

*20%*

*Eye 10%*

*70%*

organs and the mechanoreceptors in the joint capsule.

**2. Proprioceptive receptors**

potentials at raised frequency [11].

**117**

muscle cognizance (Proprioceptive).

*Nomophobia Kids and Proprioception*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96236*

the perfect manner.

The proprioceptive system is part of the central nervous system. Proprioception is one's personal sensation of the body. Proprioception is the feel arising from joints, muscle groups, tendons and related deep tissues that offer statistics to the central nervous system (CNS) about static and dynamic motion of limbs and the body. Proprioception information is processed at exclusive levels of the central nervous system in order to meet physical needs positioned at the body and aides a mover to arrive at motor choices. Proprioception strongly contributes to the fitness of joint balance; sensing passive or energetic joint articulation; joint load absorption and rebound; and muscle duration, force and velocity. Abnormality and tissue trauma excluded, the proprioception is a basic part of all people's neuro-anatomy [5].

The proprioception experience end result of a collection of fact derived from sensory receptors found within, muscular tissues, tendons, ligaments and fascia. The sensory receptors answerable for proprioception are referred to as mechanoreceptors and are the subgroup of somatosensory system. All mechanoreceptor facts is grouped collectively in the central nervous system (CNS) and are processed at distinct ranges of the consistent with unique movement and environmental demands.

The proprioception information is blended with body senses on a moment by using secondary basis for the duration of real time events. The simultaneous interaction of many sensory procedures create a collective internet notion of the body in area and contributes to motion choices.

Nonpublic, bodily and perceptual sources are mixed with genetic, cultural and societal sources as contributing factors to motion or action selections. Throughout the body & nervous system proprioception plays the role of a loop which continuously feedback & forward input. The vital importance of optimal orientation and postural control is relied on the complex reflex & central interaction between cervical proprioception, vestibular & visual information [6]. When there is an increased use of smartphone by the kids the proprioception lies at the boundary between neurophysiology & neuropsychology. The nomophobia children will soon develop poor balance, poor co-ordination and increased postural sway.

From an engineering perspective the human neuro musculoskeletal machine can be appeared as a robot, consisting of a linkage system (the skeleton) with motors (muscles), sensors (proprioceptors), and a control gadget (the CNS) [7]. The nerves and neurons are the wires and connectors, which shipping the data from the proprioceptors to the CNS and from the CNS to the muscular tissues.

The CNS integrates intentions with facts from the proprioceptor to coordinate motion ofthe skeleton through selectively (de-)activating muscle groups. Manage engineers will directly recognize a feedback loop: the movement outcomes from commands from the CNS, which on their flip (in part) rely upon the movement sensed via the proprioceptors there is a mutual interaction among CNS and limb movement. Postural manipulate is a specific case inside human movement control [8].

The human has to maintain a posture, i.e. an equilibrium position. At some point of postural manipulate unbiased strategies contribute to stability and performance: (1) intrinsic residences of the muscles and (2) proprioceptive reflexes. Balance is controlled and maintained by a complex set of sensory-motor control system which include the sensory input, receptors, input from vestibular system, integration of sensory input and the motor output [9].

### *Nomophobia Kids and Proprioception DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96236*

All children receive information from their internal and outside environments through the following senses: imaginative, motion (vestibular), prescient (ocular), hearing (auditory), taste (gustatory), odor (olfactory), contact (tactile), Joint and muscle cognizance (Proprioceptive).

The term sensory integration refers back to the manner of receiving and responding to the incoming facts. It starts off evolved while your toddler gets information from their senses, then the vital nervous device directs the records to the correct parts of the mind, and the records is integrated so the child can reply in the perfect manner.
