**3. Research envisaged using the MCAO model in rats**

Michael Chopp et al., in their study, found that administration of anti-Mac-1(Macrophage-1) antibody after one hour of focal cerebral ischemia

induced by MCAO inhibits lesion volume, post-ischemic weight loss and hinders the movement of leukocyte adhesion molecules into the cortical ischemic region. These studies support the hypothesis that leukocyte adhesion molecules' involvement in ischemic brain damage, and these molecules' blockings would be a new therapeutic approach in treating ischemic brain cell damage [38].

James.W. Simpkins et al., found that administration of oestrogens in ovariectomized female rats before or after MCAO has significantly altered the mortality rate, which was accompanied by a decrease in the ischemic region of the brain. Thus, these results confirm the use of oestrogens as a neuroprotective agent in stroke [39].

Meenakshi ST and SS. Sharma, in their study, found that administration of Curcumin significantly produced neuroprotection in MCAO induced cerebral ischemia. Administration of curcumin inhibited lipid peroxidation, decrease in peroxynitrite production and activation of the antioxidant defence system. The antioxidant potential of curcumin may be attributed to its neuroprotection in MCAO induced focal cerebral ischemia [40].

**Figure 1.** *MCAO method.*

**Figure 2.** *MCAO.*

*Experimental Animal Models of Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Injury DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97592*

Kurozumi K et al., in their studies, reported that the use of mesenchymal stem cells improved functional deficits in MCAO induced stroke model. This activity was due to the secretion of cytokines by mesenchymal stem cells. These studies confirmed the role of mesenchymal stem cells transfected along with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene or glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) gene resulted in improving functional abnormalities and decreasing ischemic brain cell damage. Studies reveal that gene-modified cell therapy is a new therapeutic approach to treating ischemic stroke [41] (**Figures 1**–**5**).

**Figure 4.** *Schematic diagram of blood vessels.*

**Figure 5.** *Photochemical model.*
