**8.2 Key notes**

CLP-induced sepsis increases lymphocyte apoptosis, which mimics immunosuppression during the late stage of human sepsis [61, 62]. In this respect, CLP-induced sepsis is completely different from LPS-induced sepsis and more closely mimics human sepsis. While we and others have reported that the CLP model can result in S-AKI [52, 63–66], AKI as measured by changes in BUN and creatinine is not always detected in this model [67, 68]. Thus, the standard CLP model amalgamates the common clinical features of human sepsis than the LPS model but misses some key features, especially acute lung injury [69] and variability in development of AKI.
