**8. Conclusions**

The pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment approach of Brucellar spondylodiscitis has recently become a clinical and research focus. Brucellar spondylodiscitis with highly variable clinical manifestations are practically challenging to be mimicked with laboratory preclinical models. More human-relevant preclinical models should be established to provide better insights into the sophisticated mechanism of human Brucellosis and early interventions of Brucellar spondylodiscitis.
