*1.2.2 Identifying and eliminating the 8 wastes*

Perceiving that they exist and giving a proficient system to characterizing them is the initial step to slashing waste. Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is a tool of Lean Management to assess the current state and to design a likely state. This outlines

#### *Introduction to Lean Waste and Lean Tools DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97573*

the progression of information and substance as they emerge. VSM is an effective strategy to plan the process involved, outwardly show the connection manufacturing process and to recognize nonvalue added and value-added activities. Utilize the VSM to characterize waste and proceed in view of the end client. Work in reverse to the beginning of the production process from the end client. Record cases of the eight waste in the process and construct a methodology to eliminate or limit them. Keep on provoking the staff to discover more waste and reliably build up their strategies. Draw in with and bring out their thoughts for change from the forefront staff. They will grow more trust in their critical thinking abilities as the group keeps on limiting efficiencies and waste decrease turns out to be important for their regular everyday practice after some time.

#### **1.3 The 9 principles of lean manufacturing**

Assembly work is categorized by short development cycles and batch sizes continuously decrease, Although the number of categories of goods and the models are still growing. Constant pressure to cut manufacturing lead times precedes to these needs and really makes the mix difficult, also for the highly imaginative producers. The capability to react quickly needs evolving buyer requirements usage of production systems that it is possible to re-configure and extend the fly that can fit, and advances in methods for assembly without having any initial output obsolete investment [26].

Lean production, An Approach That depends heavily on versatility and flexibility. Organization of the office is an exceptional Starting point for businesses who want to take a new look at their present Methods for production. Lean approaches are also worthy of study, since big capital is removed by them dedicated equipment outlays until automation becomes completely, needed. The idea of lean manufacturing, indeed, represents a big departure from such a famous automated factory the past few years. The "less is better" Manufacturing policy leads to a widely condensed, strikingly uncluttered, environment which is carefully calibrated to the environment manufacturer's specifications. Goods are generated in response, one at a time, to the specifications of the customer rather than of the batch produced for inventory. The target is to only generate the amount used and no more [27].

The number of parts is produced, it can change procedures, it is appropriate to handle various components and allow full utilization of workers, services, and floor area. The intrinsic versatility in manual assembly therefore, cells are superior to automated ones. This maximum requirement flexibility makes distinctive requirement on the lean work cell and the elements compose a lean work cell. Admittedly, the lean solution is not the only the solution to all production issues. But it does deliver a versatility that is special solution for more complex assembly commodities. This guide explains 9 essential descriptions Lean principles of development that should be assist you in evaluating lean manufacturing solutions for your own.

#### 1.Continuous Flow:

The lean work cell's chosen to form U-shaped workcell. In order of method, each subprocess is linked to the next. And an employee within the U, minimum movement to move is needed the workpiece or one-piece assembly toward the next workstation. Ultimately, one of the targets of the slim workcell is to remove all movement with non-value-added; hence its U-shape. Where, when the procedure has been completed by the employee, he it just turns around and is back on the move. The workpiece may be carried from one piece to another. Operation with value applied to the next one. There are times, however when the workpiece or the fixture which holds the workpiece is too heavy and between workstations must be

manually moved [28]. While it is possible to transport very heavy components on belt conveyors, manual push conveyors of gravity or gravity are suitable for moving the components between workstations. Theirs' The minimal complexity makes it easy for them to support and reduces time. Moreover, they are easy to attach to endto-end, making it quick to switch inside a workcell workstations. The bent U-shaped "corners" a working cell can pose a problem. As they may serve as a possible dead space, they may act as a mini storage room, thereby facilitating a storage area going back to batch manufacturing. Alternatively, the use of a ball roller transfer should encourage the movement of parts through the corners and the U-shape [29, 30].
