**3. Conclusion**

Lean manufacturing is accepted as a worthwhile production technique in many industries by the importance of leading higher efficiency and waste (muda) reduction. Alongside the lean concept, environmentally friendly production strategies have also become an issue of interest. Many companies aim for developing products in a way that reduce environmentally detrimental effects of production such as overconsumption of resources and energy, using of hazardous chemicals,

and emissions to air, water and land. Lean and Green manufacturing practices both concentrate waste reduction and thus synergic effects on environment. Several studies presented that lean systems inadvertently create ecological gains.

Concerning the air emissions, the findings are controversial suggesting that organizations should critically manage JIT activities as they may cause more air emissions [39, 59]. Although there are a few environmental drawbacks of lean systems, most of the studies demonstrates that there is a positive correlation between adopting lean manufacturing practices and improving environmental conditions.
