**4.1 Impediments in the path of Lean and Green Manufacturing**

Various Lean and Green tools are developed for its implementation but there is no validation of these method/model for an application in **Figure 10**. Manufacturing and Industrial engineering attract the attention of researchers in this area's

**Figure 9.** *Opportunities for Green manufacturing.*

*Lean Manufacturing towards Green Manufacturing Practices and Its Implementation in SME's DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97389*

**Figure 10.** *Lean vs. Green.*

leading to advancement. Also, management commitment is a key factor in implementing Lean and Green manufacturing and wherever there is a lack of organizational responsibility it becomes the main impediments for its implementation. Using the Management strategy and direction, the Lean and Green approach can be used as a continuous improvement program [16].

Lean and Green model can correlate waste data by using a systematic approach to support and realize d the benefit of this approach. Lean handles aids SMEs to transfer lean knowledge to the employee. From the operations perspective total productive maintenance (TPM) with root cause analysis are capable of smoothening production operation and from the green perspective, consumption can be

controlled by optimization approach. By adopting energy management total operation cost can be cut off using energy saving opportunities. Environmental emission are continuously monitored and controlled by regulators in place. Today's SMEs is market demand driven, thus they need to adapt rapidly to latest technologies and performance boosters.

**Figure 11** list trials faced while implementation of Lean green. The first step towards a green economy is the importance of endorsing teaching and training to the top management for their commitments towards implementing Lean and Green. For this Stake, holders are SMEs, NGOs, lean experts, Lean practitioners and academicians who can inculcate lean as well as green culture. Along with this, strong government backing is a must. Many SMEs are facing financial constraints in

**Figure 11.** *Affiliation amid lean -green methods.*

*Lean Manufacturing towards Green Manufacturing Practices and Its Implementation in SME's DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97389*


#### **Figure 12.**

*Impediments of lean -green implementation.*

implementing the Lean Green approach in their setup, so government policies play a vital role in facilitating funds through financial institution's. An important utility is the Management Information System (MIS) for the collection of Data and performance index, this enables SMEs to categorize problems and assess the efficacy of solution [17]. Also employing a capable individual to implement and progress Lean and Green is a big challenge. After reviewing the literature it is observed that there is no organized framework and analytical model to guide SMEs in refining their overall performances as shown in **Figure 12**.

#### **5. Future work**

The necessity to meet demands globally without harming the Environment.is the order of the day for many SMEs. Industry 4.0 posed challenges for SMEs in acquiring advanced technologies to be competitive. The digitalization of manufacturing has led the shift in industrial Engineering popularly recognized as industrial revolution 4.0 and resulted in smart factories, smart products and smart services embedded with the Internet of Thing (IoT). It integrates the production system with intelligence and creates new technology [18].

Today researchers have formulated guidelines for SMEs for implementing Lean and Green manufacturing. Collecting Data is the key to enhance SMEs performance. Using this data one can analyze operation parameters to step up productivity, quality and efficiency. To accomplish this SMEs need to embrace Industry 4.0, wherein the variety of smart sensors, expert system, advance solver, intelligent devices and data acquisition systems are a must. This requires huge investment by SMEs, who are not in the position to afford this upgradient. Therefore there exist a void in implementing Industry 4.0 with a confidence level within SMEs, with respect to the huge investment cost and global competition. To fill this void a model depicting flow in implementing Lean and green process of Industry 4.0 compliant is shown in **Figure 4**. This model can be implemented with confidence by SMEs at an

#### **Figure 13.** *Planned Process chart for Lean and Green.*

affordable price. In order to adopt and implement Industry 4.0 an efficient data management system for further analysis permits continuous improvement.

A Lean and Green framework is proposed with collecting data and Lean and Green agenda as shown in **Figure 13**. This proposed framework primarily comprises five key elements such as manpower, money, machine, material and environment (5me). This proposed L&G framework alters 5me with the amalgamation of the green element. "Manpower" is the main element in SMEs, it has to adapt to the latest manufacturing technology, so a positive environment is a must for adapting rapidly. On the other hand, employee retention and capacity building are vital to

**Figure 14.** *Proposed Lean and Green manufacturing framework.*

#### *Lean Manufacturing towards Green Manufacturing Practices and Its Implementation in SME's DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97389*

any SMEs functioning globally. There is relationship between cost-saving, efficiency and sustainability, the Money factor is a direct indicator of the performance index of an SME. Next is "machine", SMEs depends on a machine for manufacturing, so optimization of machine performance will improve production efficiency and create a continuous improvement environment for the employee to strive for better performance [19]. The element "material" includes resources like raw materials, products, logistic and storage, quality are considered. Finally, "environment" is involved to signify the green facet of the framework and it contributes severely to global warming and climate change.

These five major elements will help SMEs to implement the Lean and Green approach by giving direction regarding decision making by creating a multiplecriteria decision making (MCDM) tool which can help the organization to take the right decision based on their operational behaviour.

Also by using this proposed framework SMEs will be able to bridge the gap between an implementation using simulation technique used in implementing Industry 4.0. by combined development and analysis of process automation. The framework aims to overcome the barrier in implementing Lean and Green in the industry as shown in **Figure 14**.
