**4. Conclusions**

This chapter presented the historical evolution of Lean management and how Lean is adopted in the construction industry. The study presented the core principles of Lean along with the most widely adopted practices. According to the information presented in this chapter, one may advocate that the construction industry still struggling with the adaption of various Lean manufacturing practices into construction. Therefore, it is apparent that more research has to be conducted to provide a guideline for the industry practitioners in terms of benefitting from Lean practices at maximum. On the other hand, the methods, tools, and techniques presented in this chapter are expected to lead industry practitioners in terms of scrutinizing Lean concepts and evaluate those in the context of project conditions. As future work, the efficiency of Lean methods both applied in manufacturing and construction might be compared based on different operating processes.
