**5. Insights and conclusions**

Implementation of Lean has benefited both small and large business organisations in manufacturing and services. Lean systems/practices are built on the strong empirical evidence of both operational and administrative benefits. Lean focuses on elimination of waste by utilizing the dynamics of team work and strength of people and processes. Implementation of lean has proved in improving quality of products and services across all industries and organizational boundaries and revolutionizing the operations [5]. There are many other studies like [6–10] focused on various aspects of lean implementation. However, the implementation of lean requires certain level of certainty/stability in the system, discipline and culture at inter and intra organizational level. Further, studies can focus on the impact of socio, economic and technological determinants of lean in different sectors of business.
