**2. Lean and circular supply chains**

This section starts with a definition of lean production and a discussion of the origins and practices of lean. This is followed by a discussion of the lean tools. After that, the definition of circular economy, the practices of circular economy i.e. 3 Rs, and the definition of the circular supply chain. Then the characteristics of the food supply chain are discussed. The chapter concludes with a critical discussion of the circular and lean supply chain characteristics.
