2.Just-in-Time (JIT)

JIT is a lean technique based on waste reduction and productivity growth. Waste can be defined as any action which does not add any value to the manufactured goods. Excess lead times, overproduction, and scrap are common examples of waste [17]. Instead of moving goods based on expected demand, JIT can be considered as a 'pull' operation based on client demand [40]. JIT's primary aim is to "produce and transport what is needed, when it is needed, amount needed, in the shortest possible lead time" [41]. "In summary, JIT is based on the concept of supplying raw materials just when required and producing products just when required".
