Antioxidants and Prevention of Diseases

**3**

**1. Introduction**

**Chapter 1**

**Abstract**

Antioxidants:

for Diabetes

*and Thendarl Selvam*

Pharmacothearapeutic Boon

*Varuna Suresh, Amala Reddy, Pavithra Muthukumar* 

This considers antioxidant a boon tool for pharmacotherapeutic agent.

**Keywords:** Hyperglycaemia, Glucose, Pharmaco therapeutic, Antioxidants

different organs, mainly nerves, heart, kidney, eyes and blood vessels [5].

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder which is characterized based on the blood glucose level over a certain interval of time. It can also be termed as a condition that impairs the ability of the body to process blood sugar. This disorder has now been a common problem irrespective of age and gender [1]. As per the statistical surveys reported the count of people effected by diabetes is increasing over the world in a quite faster rate [2]. Diabetes are of two type in which type-1 is a chronic condition in which pancreas produces very little insulin, this may be due to loss of beta cells [3]. Beta cells dysfunction results from prolonged exposure of high level of glucose. Type-2 is a condition were that affects the way the body processes blood sugar [4]. Diabetes can lead to many complications that can show severe negative impact on

Glucose-induced oxidative stress can be found related to "glucose variability" and "glucose memory". The irregular low and elevated glucose conditions cause damage to endothelial cell function than a steady, constant rise in level of glucose. Activation of PKC, NADPH oxidases, and mitochondrial oxidants are some of the pathways exhibited as a result of this aggravated cellular response. Regarding glucose memory, long after the normalization elevated level of glucose in the endothelial cells of diabetic rats and culture, a existance or 'memory' of induced basement membrane mRNA is expressed. This demonstrates that glucose causes dangerous long-term effects beyond the hyperglycemia period. Oxidative stress give rise to glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity which are phenomena's related to diabetes. Following the pathogenesis of diabetes, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia exerts a supplementary toxic effect on the beta-cells. So, hyperglycemia can be considered as a requirement for the destructive effects of lipotoxicity. Thus glucolipotoxicity can be considered as a substitute for lipotoxicity which relates the detrimental correlation between lipids and beta-cell function. Generally, the antioxidant pharmacotherapy can be coupled with drugs to boost the natural cellular defense mechanisms as the naturally existing antioxidant components, which neutralizes free radical damage.

## **Chapter 1**
