**11. Future perspectives**

Now that the development of the internet and other factors have made it easy for non-medical professionals to obtain medical knowledge, the effects of caloric restriction, fasting, the order in which foods are eaten, and the nutritional composition of diets have become familiar topics of interest in the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Therefore, it is more and more important than ever for researchers to understand whole body metabolism based on accurate evidence. There is no doubt that diet plays an important role in the maintenance of health, and new molecular mechanisms including epigenetics have recently emerged in addition to the widely accepted concepts on metabolism. In addition, the involvement of unknown regulatory factors has been implicated. Extensive research will lead to a better understanding of energy metabolism in the body and contribute to the extension of healthy life.
