**1. Introduction**

Tuberculosis is a main infectious reason of deaths in the world and one of 10 leading reasons of deaths in the world. From tuberculosis in 2020 have all over the world died 1,85 million people (including four hundred thousand people with HIV), but had suffered 10,4 million people. In 2020 1,3 million children had ill of tuberculosis, and 250 000 children have died from it (including children with HIV-associated by tuberculosis). Tuberculosis is one of the main reasons to deaths of the people with HIV. Serious problem became the tuberculosis with multi drug resistance. However, in global scale number of patients with tuberculosis falls approximately on 2% per annum [1]. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTI) is a state of persistent immune response to stimulation by *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* antigens without evidence of clinically manifested active TB. A direct measurement tool for M. tuberculosis infection in humans is currently unavailable. One-third of the world's population is estimated to have LTI: they do not have active TB disease but may develop it in the near or remote future, a process called "TB reactivation". The lifetime risk of reactivation for a person with documented LTI is estimated to be 5–10%, with the majority developing TB disease within the first five years after initial infection. However, the risk is considerably higher in the presence of predisposing factors.

At present statistics data persuasively show that in some country of the world number of children, for the first time infected with tuberculosis mycobacterium, continues to grow. For instance, in some region to Russia amount such children forms more than 2% whole baby population of the country. Most often primary infecting children of the preschool age, diseases range in this age group on 52% exceeds the general range of diseases amongst baby population [2, 3].

TST (Tuberculin Skin Test) and IGRAs (Interferon-Gamma Release Assays) are the main tests currently available for the diagnosis of LTI. Persons with LTI have negative bacteriological tests: the diagnosis is based on a positive result of either a TST or IGRA test indicating an immune response to Persons with LTI have negative bacteriological tests: the diagnosis is based on a positive result of either a skin (tuberculin skin test, TST) or blood (Interferon-gamma release assay, IGRA) test indicating an immune response to M. tuberculosis. However these tests have limitations as they cannot distinguish between latent infection with viable microorganisms and healed/treated infections; they also poorly predict who will progress to active TB.

Either TST or IGRAs can be used to identify candidates to LTI treatment in high and upper-middle-income countries with estimated TB incidence less than 100 per 100,000. IGRAs should not replace TST in low and other middle-income countries.

Who should be tested and treated for LTI? The risk of progression to active disease is considerably higher in infected individuals who belong to specific high risk populations. Major risk factors for TB activation include: HIV infection, recent contact with an infectious patient, initiation of an anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

**67**

*Latent Tuberculous Infection: Influence on Patient's Quality of Life*

treatment, receiving dialysis, receiving an organ or hematologic transplantation, silicosis, being in prison, being an immigrant from high TB burden countries, being

Today latent tuberculous infection (LTI) often turn researchers attention as condition, characterized by presence positive tuberculin skin reaction in the background of absence of clinical and roentgenological sign of local (active) tuberculous process. Importance of the problem LTI is in growing of children with such condition. As well as high range of diseases amongst children from this groups speaks that preventive work with infecting by tuberculous mycobacteria children is

In spite of value of the problem, the role general practitioner in system primary public health care of children with LTI is passive, consists only in discovery of this group children by method tuberculin skin test and issue to phthisiatrician. That has

Study health condition of children preschool age with latent tuberculous infection for development of organizing measures on improvement of the preventive maintenance of the tuberculosis and dispensary observation in primary public

1.Study of realized organizing measures on preventive maintenance of tuberculosis and dispensary observation in Uzbekistan and other countries by litera-

2.Value epidemiological, social and biological risk factors of development infecting by tuberculous mycobacteria of preschool age children with latent tubercu-

3.Reveal the deflections of health and quality of life at children of preschool age

4.Develop the organizing measures of preventive maintenance of tuberculosis and dispensary observation of children, infected by tuberculous mycobacteria,

For the first time children of preschool age with latent tuberculous infection will

Deflections of health preschool age children will revealed on base clinic-functional complex study with latent tuberculous infection. Will revealed and portioned on groups anamnestic, clinical and laboratory markers of latent tuberculous infec-

Will installed influence of latent tuberculous infection on parameters preschool

are elaborated physician-biological and social factors, which can be reasons low

resistivity and infecting with mycobacteria of tuberculosis.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96901*

a homeless person, being an illicit drug user.

conducted in insufficient volume [4, 5].

served the cause to persisting study.

**2. Purpose of the study**

**3. Problems of the study**

ture data.

lous infection.

**4. Scientific novelty**

with latent tuberculous infection.

in primary public health care.

tion beside of preschool age children.

age children's quality of life.

health care.

*Latent Tuberculous Infection: Influence on Patient's Quality of Life DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96901*

treatment, receiving dialysis, receiving an organ or hematologic transplantation, silicosis, being in prison, being an immigrant from high TB burden countries, being a homeless person, being an illicit drug user.

Today latent tuberculous infection (LTI) often turn researchers attention as condition, characterized by presence positive tuberculin skin reaction in the background of absence of clinical and roentgenological sign of local (active) tuberculous process. Importance of the problem LTI is in growing of children with such condition. As well as high range of diseases amongst children from this groups speaks that preventive work with infecting by tuberculous mycobacteria children is conducted in insufficient volume [4, 5].

In spite of value of the problem, the role general practitioner in system primary public health care of children with LTI is passive, consists only in discovery of this group children by method tuberculin skin test and issue to phthisiatrician. That has served the cause to persisting study.
