**15. Risk factors associated with tuberculosis treatments**

Recent emigration makes Tuberculosis very likely to reactivate. Vitamin D deficiency has the same effect because vitamin D is an immune modulator and deficiency of that weakens the immune system, thus protecting against tuberculosis [3, 9]. Another factor, HIV infection, which is present in 8% of patient cases of tuberculosis and this problem of HIV allowing TB to be reactive and become a problem is actually before the patient has become heavily immune-suppressed [64]. Smoking, diabetes and the elderly are all examples where the immune system has been weakened to a degree and allows the potential infection to take hold and cause a problem [22, 63]. Homelessness drug abuse, alcoholism and other immune suppression steroids after transplantation to mention corrosive tumor necrosis factor treatment, all make an individual more likely to reactivate latent disease, like tuberculosis [6]. The antibiotics being used for the TB treatment have also shown

some of the side effects and the present major challenge to researchers to overcome these drawbacks of antibiotics (**Table 2**).
