**16. Conclusion**

Endovascular neurosurgery provides management of neurovascular conditions encountered in clinical practice, such as aneurysms (with or without subarachnoid hemorrhage), AVMs, dural AVFs, and carotid disease. The success of endovascular thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion is now irrefutable, making it an accepted standard of care. Endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms is no longer limited to primary coiling but now includes options such as stent or balloon assistance, flow diversion, intrasaccular and bifurcation-specific devices. Balloons, liquid embolic agents, and distal access catheters have updated the treatment of arteriovenous malformations and fistulae. The evolution of the neuroendovascular field has resulted in the development of program requirements for residency or fellowship education in endovascular neurosurgery.
