**13. Tumor embolization and intra-arterial chemotherapy**

Direct vascular access to brain tumors both benign and malignant has been exploited since the 1970s [86]. Preoperative embolization can facilitate resection and decrease intraoperative blood loss in the treatment of meningiomas. As with all endovascular strategies, keen understanding of the vascular anatomy is required to prevent unnecessary risk. Over the past few years, intra-arterial chemotherapy for more malignant tumors, such as gliomas, has had a resurgence. In future, the new neuro-pharmaceutical/chemotherapy/immunotherapy drugs, which could be delivered intra-arterially, will be developed [87].
