**4. Conclusion**

Therefore, it is not enough to recommend training in medical humanism, but rather it is necessary to find a formal curricular space, that is, it is necessary to dedicate time and resources. Acknowledge and address the hidden curriculum, while sustaining a vision that incorporates humanism values. Nurturing the development of humanistic values in neurosurgery residents requires individual and institutional appreciation, recognition and commitment. A successful training programme turns residents into professionals prepared for the exercise of the art and science of Neurosurgery, by means of an active learning, where the patient is the focus of health care. A humanistic neurosurgeon provides a skilled, compassionate, and empathic care to her/his patients, and demonstrates respect for their values, autonomy, beliefs and cultural backgrounds. Neurosurgery is an apprenticeship profession, where humanism values can be taught and behaviors associated with humanism can be learned. We present a set of 10 medical humanism core values that can help residents and practicing physicians to maintain humanism behaviors in their practice. A proposal of a new model of medical humanism in neurosurgery, resulting from harmony that perfectly combines the science of modern neurosurgery with the art of care, which involves understanding the sick as a person, focusing on the patient.

In conclusion, to train a neurosurgeon who treats patients rather than diseases, and who lives the values of humanism.
