**3. The virus (COVID-19)**

From a pneumonia patient with an unidentified etiology, three specimens of bronchoalveolar washing were extracted on December 30, 2019, in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital. However, close observation was established regarding this etiology due to the SARS outbreak that flared up in 2000–2003. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR) assessment of these specimens was positive for the entire beta coronaviruses. For the procurement of the whole genome sequences of the virus, Illumina and nanopore sequencing were used only to establish that the characteristics of the virus are identical to those of the coronavirus family. It was also proven that the virus belonged to the Beta-coronavirus 2 B lineage, designated by bioinformatics analyses. Arrangement of genome size of the COVID-19 virus and existing Beta-coronavirus depicted the nearest interrelation with the strains of Bat-Cov RaTG13 with 96% similarity. Virus segregation was carried out by commonly used cell lines—such as Vero E6, Huh-7, and human airway epithelial cells; simultaneously, cytopathic effects (CPE) were put in surveillance for 96 hours after vaccination. Typical crown-shaped flecks were observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM) with negative staining. Sera extracted from convalescent patients have the potential to neutralize the cellular infection of the isolated virus completely. Interstitial hyperplasiainduced multifocal pneumonia was isolated from ACE2 Rhesus monkeys and mice intranasally challenged with the same virus. One hundred and four strains of the virus were separated from COVID-19 patients in different locations. The observation started at the end of December 2019 and lasted until mid-February 2020 for genome arrangement analysis; it exhibited 99.9 percent homogeneity lacking transformation (**Figure 1**).

At the outset of the outbreak, the WHO announced the name of the interim virus as 2019-nCoV for COVID-19. For histological examination, post-mortem samples were collected from the liver, lungs, and heart of a 50-year-old male. The analysis made it clear that there was bilateral alveolar disruption with cellular fibromyxiod exudation. The lung is the organ where a desquamation of pneumocytes and a hyaline membrane is formed, indicating acute respiratory distress syndrome

[ARDS]. These tissues in the lungs also exhibited cellular and fibromyxoid excretion, pneumocyte exfoliation, and lung congestion. In addition to both lungs, the domination of lymphocytes was also detected in interstitial mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates. Polynuclear syncytial cells with unusually expanded pneumocytes featuring stretched nuclei, prominent nucleoli, acidic and basic granular cytoplasm were deciphered within alveolus areas with an exhibition of cytopathic effects, leaving no evidence of intranuclear inclusions.
