Meet the editor

Dr. Vijay Kumar, Ph.D., has more than sixteen years of research experience in the field of bacterial infections, including sepsis and pneumonia, innate immunity, immunopharmacology, immunomodulation, and inflammation. He obtained his Ph.D. in June 2009 from the Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Dr. Kumar is the recipient of the prestigious "Piero Periti review article award" for 2008, awarded by

the *Journal of Chemotherapy* in the field of immunomodulation and antimicrobials for the article entitled "Innate immunity in sepsis pathogenesis and its modulation: new immunomodulatory targets revealed." He was the recipient of a junior research and a senior research fellowship (2004–2009) offered by the Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India. He has been awarded seventeen international travel awards to attend various international conferences in the field of infection and immunity. He has seventy publications in peer-reviewed international journals to his credit. To date, he has achieved more than 2100 citations and an h-index of 21. He has contributed five peer-reviewed articles in the field of SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19, including an invited editorial on COVID-19 in *Expert Review of Proteomics.* Dr. Kumar is an associate editor for *Frontiers in Immunology* (Inflammation section), executive guest editor for *Coronaviruses*, and editorial board member of *Frontiers in Biosciences* and other journals. He is also an invited reviewer for several immunology journals, including *Scientific Reports, British Journal of Pharmacology, Pharmacological Reports, Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers in Medicine, Journal of Inflammation Research, Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Immunology, Innate Immunity*, and others.

Contents

**Section 1**

*by Vijay Kumar*

Development

**Section 3**

**Section 2**

**Preface XIII**

Bats and Zoonotic Viral Infection **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Development **25**

**Chapter 2 27**

**Chapter 3 41**

**Chapter 4 59**

**Chapter 5 75**

COVID-19 in Clinics **93**

**Chapter 6 95**

Learning from Bats to Escape from Potent or Severe Viral Infections

COVID-19 Origin, Epidemiology, Evolution, and Tools for Drug

*by Sadia Muneer, Tean Zaheer, Aqsa Ahmad, Muhammad Imran, Amjad Islam Aqib, Iqra Zaheer* 

*and Muhammad Imran Arshad*

*Jaseela Majeed and Vishwas Tripathi*

*by Ria Sanyal and Manash K. Paul*

Drug Discovery to Control of SARS-CoV-2 *by Ömür Baysal and Ragıp Soner Silme*

Organoid Technology and the COVID Pandemic

Chest Imaging in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) *by Arshed Hussain Parry and Abdul Haseeb Wani*

Epidemiology, Zoonotic and Reverse Zoonotic Potential of COVID-19

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Origin, Impact, and Drug

Utilization from Computational Methods and Omics Data for Antiviral

*by Amaresh Mishra, Nisha Nair, Amit K. Yadav, Pratima Solanki,* 
