Visual Quanlity Improvement

**93**

**Chapter 6**

**Abstract**

techniques.

**1. Introduction**

quality [4, 5].

Corrections

Pseudophakic Presbyopic

*Georgios Labiris and Eirini-Kanella Panagiotopoulou*

Presbyopia is a prevalent productivity-reducing, age-related visual disorder that results in a progressive near vision impairment. Conventional treatment modalities (ie. presbyopic spectacles or contact lenses) are associated with poor acceptance, productivity loss and negative impact on life quality. However, a variety of surgical methods are available to address presbyopia; among them, multifocal and multifocal toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) and monovision techniques. For the best possible refractive outcomes, the overall management of presbyopic patients is necessary. Specifically, patient selection according to personality and daily activities, topography, aberrometry, astigmatism, pupil and fundus assessment, ophthalmic surface, and premium lens selection should be taken into consideration. Additionally, image-guided surgery could increase the accuracy in multifocal/multifocal toric IOL implantation, and optimize the refractive outcome increasing patient satisfaction. Primary objective of this chapter is to analyze the fundamental preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative management of patients that undergo pseudophakic presbyopic corrections with conventional or digital-marking assisted

**Keywords:** presbyopia, cataract surgery, refractive lens exchange, multifocal

Presbyopia is probably the most prevalent productivity-reducing, age-related visual disorder that results in a progressive impairment of near vision capacity Presbyopia symptoms include blurry vision when targeting at near objects and fatigue when reading, especially in suboptimal lighting conditions. It is common for emmetropic populations above 40 years old. Almost every working person is expected to suffer from reduction of his/her near and intermediate vision capacity due to presbyopia [1, 2]. Taking into consideration the constantly increasing life-expectancy, conservative estimates suggest that by 2050, about 1.8 billion people will experience presbyopia symptoms [3]. Additionally, since computers, tablets, and smart phones have modified heavily working and social norms, presbyopia significantly limits the patient's productivity and reduces life

It is a truism that correction of presbyopia is among the most challenging unmet objectives in Ophthalmology. Conventional treatment modalities (ie. presbyopic spectacles or contact lenses) are associated with poor acceptance, productivity loss and significant negative impact on the quality of life [5]. Despite the fact that

intraocular lens, monovision, pseudophakic presbyopic correction
