**3.5 Applications**

Over the past years, the inchworm actuator has been widely applied in some commercial areas. High resolution is one of the most significant advantages of the inchworm actuator. Therefore, ultra-precision manufacturing technology, precision focusing system and micro-robot obtains wide range use of inchworm actuator as their actuation sources [21–22]. When coupled with large output force/torque, the inchworm actuator is also widely used in medical engineering areas like drug delivery, cell manipulation, lab on a chip [23–24]. Compared with other piezoelectric actuators, the advantage of long stroke also employs inchworm actuator in precision position platform [25].
