**5.1 Active mode**

In active mode, both NFC devices (initiator and target) send and receive data signals actively by using alternate RF (Radio frequency) field. Both NFC devices are self-powered and does not require to send power to target to perform the task, for example, devices such as smartphone or a self-powered tag. In active mode, the data


### **Table 2.**

*Comparison between different wireless technologies [47–49].*

is sent between two devices using amplitude shift keying (ASK) i.e., the base RF field signal (13.56 MHz) is modulated with data using coding schemes (Miller and Manchester Coding). Data transfer rates are higher in this mode and it can work well at longer distances [50, 51].
