**2.5 High gain frontend design**

The high frontend electrical characteristics were evaluated using ADS Agilent software and SYSCAL software. The calculated noise figure and gain for LNA noise figure of 9.5 dB is presented in **Figure 10**. The frontend calculated noise figure is 13.3 dB. The frontend gain is 32.5 dB. The frontend module calculated noise figure and gain for LNA noise figure of 5 dB is presented in **Figure 11**. The frontend calculated noise figure is 10 dB. The frontend gain is 29.5 dB.

**Table 4** lists the measured results of frontend modules. **Figure 12** is a photo of HMC283 amplifier assembly, and **Figure 13** is a photo of the wideband compact frontend. **Table 5** provides the performance and cost of commercial mm-wave

MMIC in the frequency range of 17 to 40 GHz. The chip dimension is 1.62 mm x 1.62 mm and may be integrated into multi-chip modules. The chip is a GaAs PHEMT amplifier with around 20 dB gain and + 21 dBm output power. The

**Voltage (v)** 3 5 12 5 5 Digital Current (A) 0.25 0.15 0.1 0.1 0.1

The amplifier gain is around 21 dB with 10 dB noise figure and 21 dBm saturated output power. The amplifier dimensions are 1.72 x 0.9 mm. The high gain frontend module block diagram is shown in **Figures 7** and **8**. The frontend module consists of high gain and low gain channels. **Figure 7** presents the high gain and low gain channels without an amplifier in the low gain channel. **Figure 8** presents the high

amplifier bias voltage is +3.5 V and consumes 300 mA of current.

**Figure 5.**

**Figure 4.**

**Table 3.**

**30**

*Frontend module design for LNA NF = 5.5 dB.*

*Frontend module design for LNA NF = 6 dB.*

*Innovations in Ultra-WideBand Technologies*

*Wideband frontend module voltage and current consumption.*

**Figure 10.**

**Figure 11.**

**33**

*Wideband frontend module design for LNA NF =9.5 dB.*

*Ultra-Wideband MM Wave System and RF Modules DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97853*

*Wideband frontend module design for LNA NF = 5 dB.*

**Parameter OMNI02 OMNI01 DF6 DF4 DF3 DF2 DF1** Max. high gain mode 31.5 32 31 32 32.5 32.5 31 Min. high gain mode 28.5 28 26 26 27.5 27 26 Avg. high gain mode 30 30 29 29 29 29 29 Amplitude balance 3 4 5 6 5 5 4 S11 (dB) 5 4 4.5 5 5 5 5 S22 (dB) 7 6 7.5 6 5 6 5 Isolation (dB) 21.5 22.5 9 9 10 10 6.5 Max. low gain mode 16.5 18 19 18 17 17 17 Min. low gain mode 10.5 11 13 10 7.5 12 12 Avg. low gain mode 13.5 14.5 15 14 12 14 14 Amplitude balance 6 7 6 8 9.5 5 5

*High gain frontend block diagram with amplifier in the low gain channel.*
