**2. Ultra-wideband direction finding system**

Compact wideband RF modules are crucial in mm-wave direction finding, radars, seekers, and communication systems. **Figure 1** shows a compact 18–40 GHz DF system is shown. **Figure 2** presents the block diagram of a wideband mm-wave DF system. The DF system consists of SFB modules, frequency source unit, DF frontend modules, two omnidirectional frontend units, and downconverter units. Wideband RF technologies are used to develop wideband RF modules such as frontends, filters, and receiving and transmitting channels, as presented in [1–5]. Development of wideband filters, microwave components, RF modules, and antennas is widely discussed in the literature (see [1–14]).

#### **2.1 Ultra-wideband compact MM-wave frontend1**

Design and development of compact wideband frontend is crucial in development of DF systems. The RF modules and the system are designed using RF, ADS software, and momentum RF software, [16]. **ADS** is an electronic design automation software system. It offers complete design integration to designers of products such as cellular and portable phones, pagers, wireless networks, and radar and satellite communications systems.

ADS support communication systems and RF design engineers to develop all types of RF designs, from RF and microwave modules and printed antennas to

integrated MMICs for communication, medical, and aerospace defense applications

With a complete set of simulation technologies ranging from frequency and time domain circuit simulation to electromagnetic field simulation. ADS let designers fully characterize and optimize designs, such as harmonic balance, circuit envelope, transient convolution, ptolemy, X-parameter, momentum, and 3D EM simulators (including both FEM and FDTD solvers). Measured results approve the

as well as the Internet of Things (IoT).

*Block diagram of an 18–40 GHz wideband DF system.*

*Ultra-Wideband MM Wave System and RF Modules DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97853*

**Figure 2.**

**27**

computed results and the design process.

**Figure 1.** *Ultra-wideband DF system.*

*Ultra-Wideband MM Wave System and RF Modules DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97853*

The demand for wide bandwidth makes the Ka band attractive for future commercial communication and the radar industry. Front-end modules, filter banks, and coupler modules are important units in radar, seekers, and communication systems. This chapter presents several wideband mm-wave RF modules. It also discusses the design and development of a compact wideband (18–40 GHz) frontend and a wideband (18–40 GHz) SBF. Advanced design system (ADS) full-wave electromagnetic software is used to develop wideband RF modules, as

Compact wideband RF modules are crucial in mm-wave direction finding, radars, seekers, and communication systems. **Figure 1** shows a compact 18–40 GHz DF system is shown. **Figure 2** presents the block diagram of a wideband mm-wave DF system. The DF system consists of SFB modules, frequency source unit, DF frontend modules, two omnidirectional frontend units, and downconverter units. Wideband RF technologies are used to develop wideband RF modules such as frontends, filters, and receiving and transmitting channels, as presented in [1–5]. Development of wideband filters, microwave components, RF modules, and

Design and development of compact wideband frontend is crucial in development of DF systems. The RF modules and the system are designed using RF, ADS software, and momentum RF software, [16]. **ADS** is an electronic design automation software system. It offers complete design integration to designers of products such as cellular and portable phones, pagers, wireless networks, and radar and

ADS support communication systems and RF design engineers to develop all types of RF designs, from RF and microwave modules and printed antennas to

presented in [16].

**2. Ultra-wideband direction finding system**

*Innovations in Ultra-WideBand Technologies*

antennas is widely discussed in the literature (see [1–14]).

**2.1 Ultra-wideband compact MM-wave frontend1**

satellite communications systems.

**Figure 1.**

**26**

*Ultra-wideband DF system.*

**Figure 2.** *Block diagram of an 18–40 GHz wideband DF system.*

integrated MMICs for communication, medical, and aerospace defense applications as well as the Internet of Things (IoT).

With a complete set of simulation technologies ranging from frequency and time domain circuit simulation to electromagnetic field simulation. ADS let designers fully characterize and optimize designs, such as harmonic balance, circuit envelope, transient convolution, ptolemy, X-parameter, momentum, and 3D EM simulators (including both FEM and FDTD solvers). Measured results approve the computed results and the design process.
