**Author details**

Usha Gautam\* and Tarun Kumar Rawat Division of Electronics and Communication, Netaji Subhash Institute of Technology, Delhi, India

\*Address all correspondence to: usha.aitpg@gmail.com

© 2021 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**5. Conclusion**

**Figure 8.**

**144**

**Figure 7.**

*response.*

**Table 14.**

**Integrator Order**

2nd 2.5–

**Frequency range**

*Innovations in Ultra-WideBand Technologies*

2nd 1–10 GHz Gupta

16 GHz

2nd 3–15 GHz Design-2

The study focused on the design and analysis of compact, stable and wideband second order microwave integrators. The designs are obtained by cascading the line

*Using ADS software (a) Magnitude response and (b) Phase response.*

*Comparison of the designed SOMI-GSA with existing integrator (a) Magnitude reponse and (b) Error*

**Max error**

<sup>1</sup>–15 GHz [11] 17.98 1.11 <sup>1</sup>*:*<sup>756</sup> <sup>10</sup><sup>4</sup> 0.137 0.0278 0.1667

**Min error Mean**

10.46 1.11 <sup>1</sup>*:*<sup>756</sup> <sup>10</sup><sup>4</sup> 0.115 0.0308 0.1755

4.995 0.238 <sup>4</sup>*:*<sup>211</sup> <sup>10</sup><sup>4</sup> 0.035 0.0024 0.0494

3.657 0.142 <sup>3</sup>*:*<sup>67</sup> <sup>10</sup><sup>4</sup> 0.030 0.0012 0.0343

**error**

**Variance Standard**

**deviation**

**Reference Total**

et al. [11]

Design-1 SOMI

SOMI

*Comparison of magnitude error of the designed SOMIs with existing design method.*

**error**
