**4.3 CST software**

CST is a **3D** electromagnetic **simulation** software for developing, designing, analyzing, and optimizing RF components and systems [18]. Information about CST is presented in, https://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/products/ cst-studio-suite/.

CST Electromagnetic field solvers gives engineers the flexibility to RF systems that consists of many components and modules. CST SIMULA software allows electromagnetic simulation to accompany the design process from the earliest design stages to the final development milestone. CST EM analysis include design of couplers, dividers, antennas, filters, MEMS, electromagnetic compatibility simulation (EMC/EMI), simulation near human body, and thermal effects in transmitters. SAM a System Assembly and Modeling tool provides simple environment simulation software RF systems. The SAM suite may be employed for simulating, analyzing, and optimizing RF devices that consists of several components. The simulation products are physical quantities such as voltages, currents, fields, and S-parameters. SAM helps designers to compare the results of different solvers within one analysis project and perform post-processing simulation. For example, using the results of electromagnetic simulation to analyze thermal effects, then structural thermal effects, and other EM simulation to analyze detuning. This analysis process helps to reduce the calculation effort required to analyze a complex device accurately. The

CST software is a 3D modeling schematic layout tool, with electromagnetic solvers and post-processing simulations.
