Ultra-Wideband Antennas and Devices

*Innovations in Ultra-WideBand Technologies*

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**106**

**Chapter 6**

**Abstract**

Time Domain Performance

*Gopikrishna Madanan and Deepti Das Krishna*

compared by computing the Fidelity parameter.

antenna impulse response, time domain analysis

**1. Introduction**

**109**

Evaluation of UWB Antennas

The performance of printed wideband antennas has to be optimized both in frequency and time domains, to qualify for UWB applications. This is especially true in multi-resonant antenna topologies where the excitation of different modes can change phase centers and radiation patterns with frequency. The study presented in this chapter intends to demonstrate the simulation and experimental design for the time domain characterization of UWB antennas. Modeling the antenna as a linear time-invariant system with transfer function and impulse response, distortion caused to a nanosecond pulse is analyzed. Two planar monopole antenna designs are considered for the comparative study: the SQMA and RMA. SQMA is a traditional CPW-fed monopole design with ground modifications for ultra wide-bandwidth. RMA is a rectangular CPW-fed monopole with an impedance transformer arrangement at the antenna feed. RMA maintains constant impedance over the entire UWB and contributes towards maintaining uniformity in the radiation patterns over the entire frequency band by its design. Transfer function measurements are performed for both the azimuthal and elevation planes and the impulse responses are deduced by performing IFFT. Parameters such as FWHM and ringing are computed from the impulse response for the performance comparison. To evaluate the influence of the antenna geometry on a transmitted/received pulse, the impulse responses are convoluted with a standard UWB pulse. The time-domain distortion for the designs is then

**Keywords:** ultra wide band, planar monopole antenna, antenna transfer function,

Ultra-wide band systems transmit and receive ultra-short electromagnetic pulses having limited effective radiated power. The system performance is determined primarily by the characteristics of the radiators that have to conform with stringent frequency and time domain requirements in the entire operating band [1]. These requirements are namely, a non-dispersive phase centre; constant radiation and impedance over the frequency range with no excitation of higher order modes [2]. Planar monopole antennas with wide operating bands are most often well matched multi-resonant structures. In [3], Ma et al. have described the time domain performance of a printed dipole antenna employing a tapered slot feed. It is reported that the received pulses are distorted and broadened to more than 1 ns in spite of the antenna being well matched over the entire band. The higher order modes generated tends to shift the antenna phase centers with frequency and can lead to
