Applications of Ultra-Wideband Technologies

**Chapter 4**

**Abstract**

**1. Introduction**

**71**

Medical Application of

*Abdulhameed Habeeb Alghanimi*

UWB features, UWB exposure safety aspects

Ultra-Wideband Technology

experiment results), conclusions, and discussions have been mentioned.

problems will introduce new challenges to be solved by researchers.

**1.1 UWB advantages and features in medical application**

• Good ability of penetration for human tissue.

**Keywords:** UWB medical application, UWB medical radar, UWB glucometer,

UWB is an emerging wireless communication technology that introduces a wide approach of wireless techniques in various disciplines, especially in medical applications. This technology works with a frequency range of 3.1–10.6 GHz and power spectrum density (PSD) of 41.3 dBm/MHz according to the American Federal Communications Commission (FCC) as depicted in **Figure 1** [1] and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) safety guidelines [2]. This frequency range with low-power consumption makes the technology suitable for use in medical applications. It has no biological side effects and has nonionizing radiation (only thermal effect) as well as it has a good ability to penetrate the human tissues. These features encourage the researchers to propose many studies that have invested UWB in medical applications; most of these papers would focus either on the differences in the dielectric properties of human tissue like breast cancer detection, or on the organ movement detection like heart rate and respiratory detection. The main problems that have been faced by such researches are the absorption and attenuation of the signal by the skin and the vicinity layers, while the returning signal from the deep layers is very weak, as well as the inability to distinguish between the tissues that have convergent dielectric properties. These

This chapter deals with the applications of ultra-wideband technology, especially for medical scope, and the most features and advantages that made it useful in this scope. Also, the chapter has been included with the most important medical applications of UWB technology. Ultra-wideband radar for angiography and UWB glucometer are the main applications which will be explained in this chapter. The exposure for safety aspects, the dielectric properties of human tissues, blood dielectric properties measurement using open-ended coaxial probe experiment to improve the blood image, and the ideal ultra-wideband pulses'shape, width, and repetition time that are used for medical applications have been illustrated. Finally, the results (figures, tables, and
