*2.2.2 Aconitine alkaloids*

Aconitum plants (Ranuncolaceae) are generally distributed across Asia and North America. In the Chinese Pharmacopeia, two species of them, A. carmichaeli Dexb. and A. kusnezoffiiare were listed. Aconitine and the congener mesaconitine and hypaconitine (**Figure 3**) are the important diester-diterpene alkaloids of aconitum plants. Although they have toxic effects on human health, they can also be used at low doses because their pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory and anti-pain are effectively [10].
