**4.4 Critical micelle concentration (CMC)**

The surface-active agent present in solutions helps in the formation of micelles and this phenomenon is named as Micellization. This phenomenon occurs in critical micellar concentration or slender concentration. The surfactants can lower down the surface tension of the molecule which occurs due to the free monomer concentration and starts the micelle formation. This micelle formation in the solution is termed as critical micelle concentration. CMC is determined by the surface tension of the surfactant. An increase in concentration leads to a decrease in the surface tension until it reaches the critical micelle concentration. It was determined by plotting the graph of surface tension against the algorithm concentration of the surfactant. Critical micelle concentration and surface tension decreased with an increase in the length of the alkyl chain [10]. Zhang et al. research showed the CMC value of Gemini surfactant as 3.2\_10\_4 mol/L (194.9 mg/L) as per the graph reading in which surface tension plotted against log molar concentration of the surfactant and the breaking point revealed the mentioned value [6].
