*3.3.4 Synthesis of imidazoline-based dissymmetric bis-quaternary ammonium Gemini surfactant*

Compound (I)N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-N, N-dimethyl alkylammonium chloride was formed by constantly mixing the N, N-dimethyl alkylamine hydrochloride, N, N-dimethyl alkylamine, and epichlorohydrin (1:1:1 molar ratio) for 14 hours in absolute ethanol. A light-yellow mixture has been obtained due to subsequently rotary evaporation of the ethanol. This product was further processed by repeated recrystallization from n-hexane and acetone to attained the white solid crude product. As per the study of this paper, compound (I) produced around 84.30% with the melting point of 47–48°C. The dissymmetric bis-quaternary ammonium salt with imidazoline ring (compound (II)) was synthesized using

alkyl imidazoline and N-dimethyl alkylammonium chloride, N-(3-chloro-2 hydroxypropyl)-N in isopropanol by keeping under the reflux for 10 hours and by putting the excess amount of alkyl imidazoline (10%). The resultant appeared as a waxy compound product. This product was further recrystallized with absolute acetone to obtain the desired compound in the form of a white solid with a melting point of 69–70°C. The characterization of the final product was performed to check the surfactant surfaces using Mass spectra and infrared spectrum, and 1H NMR (JNM ECP 600 MHz spectrometer) [34] (**Figure 7**).
