**Catrin Rutland**

School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

**IV**

welfare.

and their potential for tomorrow.

also addresses some One Health issues. This chapter also covers important economic issues faced by people worldwide in relation to the effects of parasitic infections on canine health and medicine. Chapter 4 'Incrimination of Dog Vector of Cystic Echinococcosis and Impact of the Appropriate Dogs' Treatment', also investigates parasitic diseases from a One Health approach, concentrating on the latest knowledge on hydatidosis. This disease is not only an issue for dogs but is also a serious public health problem that can cause human morbidity and mortality as well as socio-economic impacts such as economic burden on the global livestock industry, therefore also affecting food security. Chapter 5 'Importance of Yeasts in Oral Canine Mucosa' covers areas such as the ecology and sources of yeast infection, how extrinsic and intrinsic changes in microorganisms can have serious implications for other diseases and disorders, and why oral health is important. Veterinary professionals are constantly seeking new ways to improve overall canine health and reduce disease and dentistry care provides an ideal opportunity to accomplish this. The chapter also goes into detail about several microorganisms,

testing and identification methods, and treatment options.

The third section 'Oncology' begins with Chapter 6 'Small Animals Gut Microbiome and Its Relationship with Cancer,' which discusses the canine gut microbiome and its relationship with cancer. The chapter also explores the role of dogs as a model for studying humans. With 4 million new cancer cases a year, and an incidence rate similar to that in humans, oncology is an essential area of research. Chapter 7

The common themes running throughout this book are gathering knowledge to help understand canine medicine and health, the subsequent impacts on human health and disease, and advances in technology and knowledge. Medicine has always been a constantly evolving field, yet we are also always working within differing socioeconomic backgrounds throughout the world. Research is constantly required to enhance diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and clinical outcomes, to protect public health, economics, and food security, and most importantly to enhance animal

'Canine Detection of the Volatile Organic Compounds Related to Cervical Cancer Cells' asks not what you can do for your dog but what your dog can do for you. Cervical cancer is a fundamental cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide with rates in humans greater than 20 per 100,000. The World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted that HPV vaccination, screening programs, and appropriate treatment services are required, and thus the focus of this chapter is on screening. It investigates the possibility of using dogs to recognise different volatile biomarkers emitted by cancer cells as a new diagnostic test that is low-risk, rapid, and non-invasive. Dogs have long been involved in diagnostic techniques, in addition to a vast number of other working roles, and this chapter explores their use not only in cervical cancer, but also in long-established diseases through to their latest employment in COVID-19 detection. Chapter 8 'Canine Hepatic Carcinoma: Diagnoses and Treatments Via Global State-of-the-Art Approach and Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine' looks at more modern medicine in addition to alternative medicines. The challenge with many alternative medicines is the lack of clinical trials and scientific testing. This chapter acknowledges these issues and brings together some of the research to date around hepatic carcinoma treatment in dogs. The chapter outlines the present diagnostic and treatment methods used for hepatic carcinoma and touches on the use of Chinese medicines, their use today,

**1**

Section 1

Cardiovascular Disease

and Genetics

Section 1
