**5. Conclusions**

*Canine Genetics, Health and Medicine*

controlling liver carcinomas in small animals/dogs.

*4.2.1 The first pattern: "blood stasis with Qi deficiency"*

growth and clear the "heat-toxin" [19, 33, 34].

quality of life, maintain their physical condition, and prolong survival time. TCVM has shown significant efficacy in the symptomatic treatment of canine patients suffering from the deficiency of vital *Qi*, leading to physical pain, fever, anorexia, nausea, gastrointestinal problems, fatigue, and constipation. Although liver heat and dampness are considered as the most probable causes for the formation of liver carcinoma and viral hepatitis in human patients, the animal/canine ones are less prone to viral pathogens. From the TCVM perspective, there are two patterns

The *Qi deficiency* is more specifically related to "*Spleen Qi deficiency*", leading to "Blood Stasis". The main TCVM principles are to improve blood circulation, nourish the blood, resolve the stagnation or accumulation, tonify the spleen, and relieve pain. Refer to **Table 4**; acupuncture on specific points can improve and enhance the symptoms described earlier. *Xiao Yao San*, which is compounded by various herbs, is a transitional Chinese medicine described in the "Formulary of the Tai Ping Welfare Dispensary Bureau' Collections of Medicinal Formulations" compiled by Chen Shi-wen et al. in 1151. A modified herb formula of *Nei Xiao Wan*, called "Stasis Breaker", has been introduced by *Xie* et al. specifically for animals [19, 32] to reduce phlegms and stasis, clear toxin substances, and promote *Qi* and *Blood* circulation. The significant effect of "Stasis Breaker" breaks the blood stasis, softening the hard nodes and tumors. Furthermore, some studies prove that *Bai Hua She She Cao* and *Ban Zhi Lian* can inhibit cell mutation, tumor

*4.2.2 The second pattern of liver carcinoma: "blood stasis with Yin deficiency"*

**Symptom Acupuncture points** General *Qi* deficiency LI -10, ST-36, CV-17, LU-9 Spleen deficiency/eliminate phlegm BL-20, BL-21, ST-36, ST-40 Immunization GV-14, LI-4, LI-10, LI-11 Smooth *Qi* and relieve pain LIV-3, LIV-4, GB-34, GB-41

Anorexia CV-12, Shan-gen Vomiting PC-6, GB-34, CV-12

Diarrhea GV-1, SP-6 Ascites SP-6, SP-9, BL-22,

Heat and liver stagnation are supposed by TCVM to result in *Qi* and *Blood* stagnation. The consumption of fluid will injure the *Yin* in the *Middle Burn*. Once *Liver Yin* and *Kidney Yin* are injured, the tumor will be gradually formed. This treatment pattern focuses on nourishing *Yin* and *Blood*, resolving pain and stagnation, tonifying *Qi*, and resolving tumor. The recommended acupuncture points are shown in **Table 4**. [35]. *Yi Guan Jain*, a herbal medicine, described in the "Supplement to the Classified Case Records of Famous Physicians" by *Wei Zhi-Xiu* in 1770. It is intended to tonify the *Liver's* and *Kidney's Yin* and clear the "false heat". The combination of *Yi Guan Jain* and "Stasis breaker" effectively improves the immune system

**170**

**Table 4.**

*TCVM acupuncture points for tumor.*

The global veterinary medicine is widely used to eliminate canine carcinogens by substantiated combinations of drug administration, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy treatments. However, their side-effects remain a challenging issue faced by clinical veterinarians and dog owners. In this respect, traditional Chinese veterinary medicine (TCVM), including acupuncture, herbs, food therapy, and massage, is considered a lucrative integrated treatment system. Using the pattern differentiation, as well as the proposed biokinetic Ga-67 model of canine liver carcinoma, the robust HCC diagnosis of canine patents can be obtained. A further application of global state-of-the-art and/or TCVM-based therapies can enhance the immune system, speed up the recovery, relieve pain syndrome, reduce chemotherapy toxicities, and improve quality of life of canine patients. Thus, the global integrative oncology comprehensively combines regulated clinical treatments with complementary and alternative medicine (TCVM in particular), yielding the synergistic curing effect.
