**Acknowledgements**

We thank Directorate General Higher Education (Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi, DIKTI), the Republic of Indonesia, for providing my PhD scholarship that contributes primarily to my multi-tier instrument project. We also thank Universitas Negeri Malang for providing a research grant through PNBP UM Scheme after finishing the PhD to continue my work in the multi-tier instrument area.
