**6. Phytochemicals present in bael/***Aegle marmelos*

Flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolics, alkaloids, polysaccharides, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, tannins, marmin, coumarin, etc., can found in *A. marmelos* (**Figure 2**) [45]. In leaves, the main constituents are cubebol 0.5%, γ-isogeraniol 0.2%, δ-cadinene 0.3%, γ-isogeraniol 0.2%, linalool 1.8%, menthane monoterpenoids 0.1%, α-terpineol 0.1%, α-cedrene 0.2%, germacrene B 4.7%, geraniol 0.2%, *cis*-piperitol 0.4%, Α-zingiberene 0.2%, γ-isogeraniol 0.2%, α-cubebene 0.1%, αpinene 0.2%, α-humulene 0.8%, α-copaene 0.3%, myrcene 2%, γ-elemene 0.4%, limonene 64.1%, E-phytol 0.3%, γ-curcumene 1.7%, β-funebrene 0.2%, farnesol 0.1%, E-β-ocimene 9.7%, α-farnesene 0.1%, Z-jasmone 0.1%, E-caryophyllene 2.4%, germacrene A 0.1%, trans-Linalool oxide 0.1% [46].

Many of the phytoconstituents having very good medicinal effects such as *A. marmelos* fruit pulp, fruit juice have been reported to be rich in numerous healthboosting polyphenols (**Figure 2**). Similarly, other health-benefited phytochemicals such as alkalloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids have been accumulated in fruit pulp [47]. The most important polyphenols and flavonoids include alkaloids, coumarins, polysaccharides, and carotenoids. Polyphenols present in bael

**Figure 2.** *List of main bioactive compounds present in Aegle marmelos.*

*Medicinal Uses with Immense Economic Potential and Nutritional Properties… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102876*


#### **Table 3.**

*Major phytoconstituents, analysis method, and biological activities of bael plant.*

depend on the maturity stage of bael [48]. From showing antioxidant activities to lipid cholesterol absorption, these phytochemicals possess immense health benefits. Caffeic cinnamamides acid, arbutin, cholorogenic acid, *p*-coumaric acid, *p*-coumaroyl, quinic acid, and protocatechuic acid such a type of phenolic compounds can be found in bael fruit juice [3]. From *A. marmelos* fruit phytochemicals such as terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and glycosides can be easily isolated [6]. It has been reported that compounds include γ-sitosterol, rutin, β-sitosterol, glycosides, marmeline, aegelin, marmesinin, halfordiol, phenyl ethyl, lupeol; such a type of phytochemicals can be present in a very good quantity in bael leaves [49]. Catechin, flavanols, flavones, lignin, tannins, and isoflavones fall under the polyphenol group. Lignan glucoside compounds have been isolated from the bark of *A. marmelos* tree [50]. 7, 8- dimethoxy-1- hydrox-yl 2-methyl anthraquinone and 6-hydroxy-1-methoxy-3-methyl anthraquinone have been reported to be isolated from *A. marmelos* [51], and skimmiarepin A as well as skimmiarepin C has been isolated from stem bark [52] (**Table 3**).
