**3. Natural composites**

Wood and bamboo are the natural composites, held together by the matrix as designed by the nature (**Figure 1**). Lignin is the largest biopolymer and principle cementing matrix which holds the components of natural composites together in a definite fashion. The awareness in the society globally and harmful effects of the synthetic materials on the environment has led to the progressive development of eco-friendly and sustainable materials. The scientific community have shown a lot of interest in developing sustainable bio-composites which are eco-friendly and may substitute partly or wholly the synthetic materials. Intriguingly, using natural fibres in development of biocomposites provides a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint of composites [33, 34]. Due to environmental concern, demand for commercial raw material for utilization in composites increasing day by day. Therefore, after harvesting the important chemicals or fresh materials from the nwfps may be utilized on sustainable basis for making bio-composites for various industrial sectors. Among them, use of the natural fibres as reinforcement material, tannins and lignin as cementing material alone, in parts or in combination with synthetic matrix subsequent to proper modification, and further, valorisation

**Figure 1.** *Natural Wood Composite.*

of residues from the nwfps is an important opportunity as raw materials for bio composites in a sustainable way.
