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## Meet the editor

Edward Da-Yin Liao is the co-founder of Straight & Up Intelligent Innovations Group Co., San Jose, CA, U.S.A. He received his BS in Mechanical Engineering and an MS and PhD in Electrical Engineering, all from National Taiwan University, Taiwan. He is creative and business-savvy, with more than two decades of progressive experience in semiconductor and high-tech industries. He has been an executive of four international IT com-

panies, including two in Silicon Valley, one in London, and one in Taiwan. He was also a university professor in Taiwan. Dr. Liao evangelizes deep learning, robotics, automation, the Internet of Things, next-generation wireless communications, and smart and healthy living.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

**Section 3**

*by Jeff Tarrant*

**Section 4**

**Section 5**

and Applications *by Edward Da-Yin Liao*

Neurofeedback Protocols

*Joel Lubar and J. Lucas Koberda*

Neurofeedback for Chronic Pain

**Preface XI**

Introduction **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Brain Networks **15**

**Chapter 2 17**

Neuromeditation **43**

**Chapter 3 45**

Psychophysiological Psychotherapy **61**

**Chapter 4 63**

Physiotherapy **77**

**Chapter 5 79**

Introductory Chapter: Smart Biofeedback – Perspectives

Advances in Electrical Neuroimaging, Brain Networks and

*by Robert W. Thatcher, Carl J. Biver, Ernesto Palermero Soler,* 

Neuromeditation: The Science and Practice of Combining Neurofeedback and Meditation for Improved Mental Health

Biofeedback in Clinical Psychology: Modalities and Perspectives *by Valeska Kouzak, Aloysio Campos da Paz Neto and Ivo Donner*

*by Kajal Patel, Manoj Sivan, James Henshaw and Anthony Jones*

## Contents


#### **Section 6**

Privacy Security and Integrity of Data **95**

#### **Chapter 6 97**

Blockchain-Based Medical Record Management with Biofeedback Information *by Hui Li Wang, Shao-I Chu, Jiun-Han Yan, Yu-Jung Huang, I-Yueh Fang, Shu Ya Pan, Wei-Cheng Lin, Chao-Tien Hsu, Chih-Lung Hung, Tzung-Ching Lin and Te-Tsun Shen*

Preface

The first time I heard the term "biofeedback" was in 1995. At that time, I was helping my wife (my girlfriend then, a DDS who was pursuing her MS in Dental Surgery) in preparing her thesis and experiments. Her study interest was about the *Efficacy of Occlusal Splints for Treating Sleep Bruxism (Tooth Grinding).* Her experiments were to study the *Influence of Visual and Periodontal Feedbacks on the Accuracy and Sustainability of Biting Force Control*. The experiments started with development of a handmade, fork-type strain gauge force transducer whose analog outputs were AC/DC-converted to digital signals and shown in a digital display board (DDB). Each experiment was conducted in two phases: the unanesthetized phase and the anesthetized phase. There were two sections for each phase and four trials were conducted in each session. In the first session of the unanesthetized phase, an unanesthetized subject was asked to maintain biting forces of 5 and 15 kilogram-force (kgf), respectively, at the incisor and both sides of first molar regions for 15 seconds, both with visual biofeedback from the digits shown in the DDB. In the second session of the same phase, the DDB was turned off (without biofeedback) in the last 10 seconds. After completing the unanesthetized phase, the right upper and lower first molar regions were anesthetized with 2 percent lidocaine. Then the same experiment procedures were conducted again

The experiments were busy and tedious. During an experiment, all the numbers shown in the DDB needed to be observed, read, and recorded on paper. Results were put into a spreadsheet for further analysis using statistics tools like SPSS. All these ETL (extract, transform, load) operations were done manually. For the 15-second test period, only three to five data points were read and written down. It's in Year 1995, the Age of Pentium 486 and Windows 95—a Stone age, from today's ICT (information and com-

Now is the 2020s. The emerging technologies and applications have shaped the future of

This book provides readers with information on research projects and practices in modern smart biofeedback. It is designed for medical specialists, clinical practitioners, researchers, developers of biofeedback technologies, and scholars and graduate students in the fields of biomedical engineering, medicine, physiotherapy, computer engineering, data science, and so on. Chapters cover topics such as brain networks, neuromeditation, psychophysiological psychotherapy, physiotherapy, and privacy, security, and integrity of data.

I am grateful to the chapter authors for their contributions. I especially wish to acknowledge their patience in putting up with repeated requests for revision amid the COVID-19 pandemic. I would also like to acknowledge Ms. Ana Simcic, Ms. Dajana Pemac, and Anke Beck from IntechOpen for their enthusiasm and support for this book from

**Edward Da-Yin Liao**

United States of America

Straight & Up Intelligent Innovations Group Co.,

in the anesthetized phase.

conception to completion.

November, 2020

munications technology) point of view.

many technologies like smart biofeedback.
